Facial Anthropometry Measurements Using Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetry Analysis Among Nigerians

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegbayi Adeola Adekunle ◽  
Abiodun Yusuff Olowo ◽  
Olutayo James ◽  
Olawale Olatubosun Adamson ◽  
Azeez A. Alade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Anthropometry

Preliminary Evaluation of an Electromagnetic Three-Dimensional Digitizer in Facial Anthropometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Carlo E. Poggio ◽  
Massimiliano Cova ◽  
Gianluca Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Facial Landmarks ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Facial Anthropometry ◽  
Sufficient Precision

Objective In this investigation, the precision of a commercial three-dimensional digitizer in the detection of facial landmarks in human adults was assessed. Methods Fifty landmarks were identified and marked on the faces of five men, on five women, and on a stone cast of the face of one man. For each subject, the three-dimensional coordinates of the landmarks were obtained twice using an electromagnetic three-dimensional digitizer, and the duplicate digitizations were superimposed using common orientations and centers of gravity. Metric differences between homologous landmarks were assessed, and Dahlberg's error was computed. Results For both men and women, the error was 1.05% of the nasion-mid-tragion distance, while for the cast, it was 0.9%. When the duplicate digitizations were used to mathematically reconstruct the faces, and several distances, angles, volumes, and surfaces were computed, more than 80% of the measurements had coefficients of variation lower than 1%. Conclusions The digitizer can assess the coordinates of facial landmarks with sufficient precision, and reliable measurements can be obtained.

scholarly journals The role of the golden proportion in the evaluation of facial esthetics

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rossetti ◽  
Marcio De Menezes ◽  
Riccardo Rosati ◽  
Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽  
Chiarella Sforza
Keyword(s):  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Healthy Young Adult ◽  
Golden Proportion ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
3D Stereophotogrammetry ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Facial Anthropometry

ABSTRACT Objective: To demonstrate if one or more golden relationships between different measurements of the human face exist. Materials and Methods: To make our measurements, we used three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry, which has proved to be the “gold standard” in the field of facial anthropometry. We obtained 3D stereophotogrammetric facial acquisitions of 400 healthy young adult subjects, then had them scored by an Evaluation Jury. Each subject received an esthetic evaluation ranging from 0 to 40. Individuals with a score larger than 28 were considered very attractive (VA), and individuals with a score lower than 12 were considered not attractive (NA). Fifteen subjects per group were chosen by chance, with a final total group of 60 subjects: 15 VA males, 15 NA males, 15 VA females, and 15 NA females. For each subject, a set of facial distances was obtained from the stereophotogrammetric facial reconstruction, and 10 ratios were computed. The effects of sex and attractiveness were tested by analysis of variance. Additionally, Student's t-tests verified if the ratios were statistically different from the golden ratio. Results: For nine ratios, no significant effects of sex or attractiveness were found. Only the eye-mouth distance/height of the mandible ratio was significantly influenced by sex (P  =  .035) and attractiveness (P  =  .032). Seven out of 10 ratios were statistically different from the hypothetical value of 1.618, and only three of them were similar to the golden ratio. Conclusions: Ratios between 3D facial distances were not related to attractiveness. Most of the facial ratios were different from the golden ratio.

Preliminary Evaluation of an Electromagnetic Three-Dimensional Digitizer in Facial Anthropometry

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Carlo E. Poggio ◽  
Massimiliano Cova ◽  
Gianluca Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Facial Anthropometry

Mid-facial anthropometry in second-trimester fetuses with trisomy 21: a three-dimensional ultrasound study

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bergann ◽  
Christian Bamberg ◽  
Katja Eder ◽  
Hans Proquitté ◽  
John P. Hartung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Facial Anthropometry

The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Orbit ◽  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Restricted Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circular Restricted Problem ◽  
Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

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