scholarly journals High-resolution tomographic imaging of a human cerebellum: comparison of absorption and grating-based phase contrast

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (53) ◽  
pp. 1665-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Schulz ◽  
Timm Weitkamp ◽  
Irene Zanette ◽  
Franz Pfeiffer ◽  
Felix Beckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Absorption Contrast

Human brain tissue belongs to the most impressive and delicate three-dimensional structures in nature. Its outstanding functional importance in the organism implies a strong need for brain imaging modalities. Although magnetic resonance imaging provides deep insights, its spatial resolution is insufficient to study the structure on the level of individual cells. Therefore, our knowledge of brain microstructure currently relies on two-dimensional techniques, optical and electron microscopy, which generally require severe preparation procedures including sectioning and staining. X-ray absorption microtomography yields the necessary spatial resolution, but since the composition of the different types of brain tissue is similar, the images show only marginal contrast. An alternative to absorption could be X-ray phase contrast, which is known for much better discrimination of soft tissues but requires more intricate machinery. In the present communication, we report an evaluation of the recently developed X-ray grating interferometry technique, applied to obtain phase-contrast as well as absorption-contrast synchrotron radiation-based microtomography of human cerebellum. The results are quantitatively compared with synchrotron radiation-based microtomography in optimized absorption-contrast mode. It is demonstrated that grating interferometry allows identifying besides the blood vessels, the stratum moleculare, the stratum granulosum and the white matter. Along the periphery of the stratum granulosum, we have detected microstructures about 40 µm in diameter, which we associate with the Purkinje cells because of their location, size, shape and density. The detection of individual Purkinje cells without the application of any stain or contrast agent is unique in the field of computed tomography and sets new standards in non-destructive three-dimensional imaging.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional virtual histology of human cerebellum by X-ray phase-contrast tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (27) ◽  
pp. 6940-6945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mareike Töpperwien ◽  
Franziska van der Meer ◽  
Christine Stadelmann ◽  
Tim Salditt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Granular Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Conventional Histology ◽  
3D Information ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

To quantitatively evaluate brain tissue and its corresponding function, knowledge of the 3D cellular distribution is essential. The gold standard to obtain this information is histology, a destructive and labor-intensive technique where the specimen is sliced and examined under a light microscope, providing 3D information at nonisotropic resolution. To overcome the limitations of conventional histology, we use phase-contrast X-ray tomography with optimized optics, reconstruction, and image analysis, both at a dedicated synchrotron radiation endstation, which we have equipped with X-ray waveguide optics for coherence and wavefront filtering, and at a compact laboratory source. As a proof-of-concept demonstration we probe the 3D cytoarchitecture in millimeter-sized punches of unstained human cerebellum embedded in paraffin and show that isotropic subcellular resolution can be reached at both setups throughout the specimen. To enable a quantitative analysis of the reconstructed data, we demonstrate automatic cell segmentation and localization of over 1 million neurons within the cerebellar cortex. This allows for the analysis of the spatial organization and correlation of cells in all dimensions by borrowing concepts from condensed-matter physics, indicating a strong short-range order and local clustering of the cells in the granular layer. By quantification of 3D neuronal “packing,” we can hence shed light on how the human cerebellum accommodates 80% of the total neurons in the brain in only 10% of its volume. In addition, we show that the distribution of neighboring neurons in the granular layer is anisotropic with respect to the Purkinje cell dendrites.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron RadiationThree-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Tao ◽  
Chen-Chen Gao ◽  
Xue-Hong Tong ◽  
Shizhen Yuan ◽  
Tian-tian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional

Abstract Objectives This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI). The aim of the study was to demonstrate that XILPCI is a micron imaging method for gastric structures. Methods The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats’ stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9 μm image resolution. Results The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rat gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastroduodenal region. 3-dimensional stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction. Conclusion The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future. Keywords: Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast imaging, 3-dimensional gastric structure images

scholarly journals Amyloid-β plaque deposition measured using propagation-based X-ray phase contrast CT imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Astolfo ◽  
Aurélien Lathuilière ◽  
Vanessa Laversenne ◽  
Bernard Schneider ◽  
Marco Stampanoni
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
X Ray

Amyloid beta accumulation into insoluble plaques (Aβp) is known to play a significant role in the pathological process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The presence of Aβp is also one of the neuropathological hallmarks for the disease. AD final diagnosis is generally acknowledged after the evaluation of Aβp deposition in the brain. Insoluble Aβp accumulation may also concur to cause AD as postulated in the so-calledamyloid hypothesis. Therefore, the visualization, evaluation and quantification of Aβp are nowadays the keys for a better understanding of the disease, which may point to a possible cure for AD in the near future. Synchrotron-based X-ray phase contrast (XPC) has been demonstrated as the only imaging method that can retrieve the Aβp signal with high spatial resolution (up to 10 µm), high sensitivity and three-dimensional information at the same time. Although at the moment XPC is suitable forex vivosamples only, it may develop into an alternative to positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in Aβp imaging. In this contribution the possibility of using synchrotron-based X-ray phase propagation computed tomography to visualize and measure Aβp on mouse brains is presented. A careful setup optimization for this application leads to a significant improvement of spatial resolution (∼1 µm), data acquisition speed (five times faster), X-ray dose (five times lower) and setup complexity, without a substantial loss in sensitivity when compared with the classic implementation of grating-based X-ray interferometry.

Attenuation- and Phase-Contrast Microtomography Using Synchrotron Radiation for the 3-D Investigation of Specimens Consisting of Elements With Low and Medium Absorption

1999 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Beckmann ◽  
U. Bonse
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Contrast Mechanism

ABSTRACTAttenuation- and phase-contrast microtomography using synchrotron radiation is applied to different samples demonstrating the advantages and limits of the two different contrast mechanism. Photon energies in the range of 8-25 keV and 60-100 keV are used. Scanning techniques employing a 2-dim. x-ray detector allow for investigation of larger specimens at high spatial resolution.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Tao ◽  
Chen-Chen Gao ◽  
Xue-Hong Tong ◽  
Shi-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Jingdong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Contrast

Abstract Background: The structural changes of gastric mucosa are considered as an important window of early gastric lesions. This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using micrometer level X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI) technique on synchrotron radiation facility. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the imaging technique is an appropriate method for micron imaging of the gastric structures.Methods: The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9 μm image resolution.Results: The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rats’ gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastro-duodenal region. 3-dimensional stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction. Conclusion: The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future.

High-Spatial-Resolution Three-dimensional Imaging of Human Spinal Cord and Column Anatomy with Postmortem X-ray Phase-Contrast Micro-CT

Radiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Giacomo E. Barbone ◽  
Alberto Bravin ◽  
Alberto Mittone ◽  
Sergio Grosu ◽  
Jens Ricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Spinal Cord

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Tao ◽  
Chen-Chen Gao ◽  
Xue-Hong Tong ◽  
Shi-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Jingdong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Contrast

Abstract Background: The structural changes of gastric mucosa are considered as an important window of early gastric lesions. This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using micrometer level X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI) technique on synchrotron radiation facility. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the imaging technique is an appropriate method for micron imaging of the gastric structures.Methods: The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9 μm image resolution.Results: The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rats’ gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastro-duodenal region. 3-dimensional stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction.Conclusion: The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Construction of Micrometer Level in Rat Stomach by Synchrotron Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Tao ◽  
Chen-Chen Gao ◽  
Xue-Hong Tong ◽  
Shi-Zhen Yuan ◽  
Jingdong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Contrast

Abstract Background: The structural changes of gastric mucosa are considered as an important window of early gastric lesions. This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using micrometer level X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI) technique on synchrotron radiation facility. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the imaging technique is an appropriate method for micron imaging of the gastric structures.Methods: The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats’ stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9 μm image resolution.Results: The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rat gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastro-duodenal region. 3-dimensional stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction. Conclusion: The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional construction of micrometer level in rat stomach by synchrotron radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Tao ◽  
Chenchen Gao ◽  
Xuehong Tong ◽  
Shizhen Yuan ◽  
Jingdong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Contrast

Abstract Background The structural changes of gastric mucosa are considered as an important window of early gastric lesions. This article shows an imaging method of the stomach that does not use imaging agents. X-ray phase-contrast images of different stages of gastric development were taken using micrometer level X-ray in-line phase-contrast imaging (XILPCI) technique on synchrotron radiation facility. The aim of the study was to demonstrate that the imaging technique is an appropriate method for micron imaging of the gastric structures. Methods The stomachs of 4-, 6- and 12-week-old rats were removed and cleaned. XILPCI has 1000 times greater soft tissue contrast than that of X-ray traditional absorption radiography. The projection images of the rats stomachs were recorded by an XILPCI charge coupled device (CCD) at 9-μm image resolution. Results The X-ray in-line phase-contrast images of the different stages of rats’ gastric specimens clearly showed the gastric architectures and the details of the gastro-duodenal region. 3-dimensional (3D) stomach anatomical structure images were reconstruction. Conclusion The reconstructed gastric 3D images can clearly display the internal structure of the stomach. XILPCI may be a useful method for medical research in the future.

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