scholarly journals A fish perspective: detecting flow features while moving using an artificial lateral line in steady and unsteady flow

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (99) ◽  
pp. 20140467 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Chambers ◽  
O. Akanyeti ◽  
R. Venturelli ◽  
J. Ježov ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Karman Vortex

For underwater vehicles to successfully detect and navigate turbulent flows, sensing the fluid interactions that occur is required. Fish possess a unique sensory organ called the lateral line. Sensory units called neuromasts are distributed over their body, and provide fish with flow-related information. In this study, a three-dimensional fish-shaped head, instrumented with pressure sensors, was used to investigate the pressure signals for relevant hydrodynamic stimuli to an artificial lateral line system. Unsteady wakes were sensed with the objective to detect the edges of the hydrodynamic trail and then explore and characterize the periodicity of the vorticity. The investigated wakes (Kármán vortex streets) were formed behind a range of cylinder diameter sizes (2.5, 4.5 and 10 cm) and flow velocities (9.9, 19.6 and 26.1 cm s −1 ). Results highlight that moving in the flow is advantageous to characterize the flow environment when compared with static analysis. The pressure difference from foremost to side sensors in the frontal plane provides us a useful measure of transition from steady to unsteady flow. The vortex shedding frequency (VSF) and its magnitude can be used to differentiate the source size and flow speed. Moreover, the distribution of the sensing array vertically as well as the laterally allows the Kármán vortex paired vortices to be detected in the pressure signal as twice the VSF.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic image formation by the peripheral lateral line system of the Lake Michigan mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1401) ◽  
pp. 1111-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl Coombs ◽  
James J. Finneran ◽  
Ruth A. Conley
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Cottus Bairdi ◽  
Mottled Sculpin

Lake Michigan mottled sculpin ( Cottus bairdi ) have a lateral–line–mediated prey–capture behaviour that consists of an initial orientation towards the prey, a sequence of approach movements, and a final strike at the prey. This unconditioned behaviour can be elicited from blinded sculpin in the laboratory by both real and artificial (vibrating sphere) prey. In order to visualize what Lake Michigan mottled sculpin might perceive through their lateral line when approaching prey, we have combined anatomical, neurophysiological, behavioural and computational modelling techniques to produce three–dimensional maps of how excitation patterns along the lateral line sensory surface change as sculpin approach a vibrating sphere. Changes in the excitation patterns and the information they contain about source location are consistent with behavioural performance, including the approach pathways taken by sculpin to the sphere, the maximum distances at which approaches can be elicited, distances from which strikes are launched, and strike success. Information content is generally higher for laterally located sources than for frontally located sources and this may explain exceptional performance (e.g. successful strikes from unusually long distances) in response to lateral sources and poor performance (e.g. unsuccessful strikes) to frontal sources.

scholarly journals Design and simulation of artificial fish lateral line

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 172988141882482
Author(s):  
Zhijie Tang ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Jingtao Lei ◽  
Jiaqi Lu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Underwater Robots ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Line System

Fishes can avoid colliding with obstacles and track baits depending on the lateral distributed sense nodes which can sense the pressure variances of the surrounding flow field. Fish often uses the lateral-line system as their only means for navigation, especially under poor visual conditions. This sensing mechanism provides a new perspective for researchers and engineers to build such a sensing system that could be applied to control and near field navigation for underwater robots and vehicles. In this article, a pressure-sensing-based is proposed, with 10 pressure sensors acting as lateral line and use the three-dimensional printer to print the fish structure and install the artificial lateral line on it. Through preliminary experiments and numerical simulation, we obtain the pressure sensor data. By comparing the experimental data with the numerical simulation data, it can be verified that the pressure variation of the pressure sensor in the numerical simulation data is consistent with that in the experimental data. The artificial lateral line provides a new sense to man-made underwater vehicles and marine robots, so that they can sense like fish.

scholarly journals Frequency response properties of primary afferent neurons in the posterior lateral line system of larval zebrafish

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Levi ◽  
Otar Akanyeti ◽  
Aleksander Ballo ◽  
James C. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Afferent Neuron ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
Primary Afferent Neurons ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Line System ◽  
Response Properties ◽  
Larval Zebrafish

The ability of fishes to detect water flow with the neuromasts of their lateral line system depends on the physiology of afferent neurons as well as the hydrodynamic environment. Using larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio), we measured the basic response properties of primary afferent neurons to mechanical deflections of individual superficial neuromasts. We used two types of stimulation protocols. First, we used sine wave stimulation to characterize the response properties of the afferent neurons. The average frequency-response curve was flat across stimulation frequencies between 0 and 100 Hz, matching the filtering properties of a displacement detector. Spike rate increased asymptotically with frequency, and phase locking was maximal between 10 and 60 Hz. Second, we used pulse train stimulation to analyze the maximum spike rate capabilities. We found that afferent neurons could generate up to 80 spikes/s and could follow a pulse train stimulation rate of up to 40 pulses/s in a reliable and precise manner. Both sine wave and pulse stimulation protocols indicate that an afferent neuron can maintain their evoked activity for longer durations at low stimulation frequencies than at high frequencies. We found one type of afferent neuron based on spontaneous activity patterns and discovered a correlation between the level of spontaneous and evoked activity. Overall, our results establish the baseline response properties of lateral line primary afferent neurons in larval zebrafish, which is a crucial step in understanding how vertebrate mechanoreceptive systems sense and subsequently process information from the environment.

scholarly journals Diversity and sexual dimorphism in the head lateral line system in North Sea populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Ahnelt ◽  
David Ramler ◽  
Maria Ø. Madsen ◽  
Lasse F. Jensen ◽  
Sonja Windhager
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks

AbstractThe mechanosensory lateral line of fishes is a flow sensing system and supports a number of behaviors, e.g. prey detection, schooling or position holding in water currents. Differences in the neuromast pattern of this sensory system reflect adaptation to divergent ecological constraints. The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is known for its ecological plasticity resulting in three major ecotypes, a marine type, a migrating anadromous type and a resident freshwater type. We provide the first comparative study of the pattern of the head lateral line system of North Sea populations representing these three ecotypes including a brackish spawning population. We found no distinct difference in the pattern of the head lateral line system between the three ecotypes but significant differences in neuromast numbers. The anadromous and the brackish populations had distinctly less neuromasts than their freshwater and marine conspecifics. This difference in neuromast number between marine and anadromous threespine stickleback points to differences in swimming behavior. We also found sexual dimorphism in neuromast number with males having more neuromasts than females in the anadromous, brackish and the freshwater populations. But no such dimorphism occurred in the marine population. Our results suggest that the head lateral line of the three ecotypes is under divergent hydrodynamic constraints. Additionally, sexual dimorphism points to divergent niche partitioning of males and females in the anadromous and freshwater but not in the marine populations. Our findings imply careful sampling as an important prerequisite to discern especially between anadromous and marine threespine sticklebacks.

Larval lampreys possess a functional lateral line system

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gelman ◽  
A. Ayali ◽  
E. D. Tytell ◽  
A. H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System
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