scholarly journals Magnetic field effects as a result of the radical pair mechanism are unlikely in redox enzymes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (103) ◽  
pp. 20141155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan L. Messiha ◽  
Thanyaporn Wongnate ◽  
Pimchai Chaiyen ◽  
Alex R. Jones ◽  
Nigel S. Scrutton
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Field Effects ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Field Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Systems ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields is potentially carcinogenic. The radical pair mechanism is considered the most feasible mechanism of interaction between weak magnetic fields encountered in our environment and biochemical systems. Radicals are abundant in biology, both as free radicals and reaction intermediates in enzyme mechanisms. The catalytic cycles of some flavin-dependent enzymes are either known or potentially involve radical pairs. Here, we have investigated the magnetic field sensitivity of a number of flavoenzymes with important cellular roles. We also investigated the magnetic field sensitivity of a model system involving stepwise reduction of a flavin analogue by a nicotinamide analogue—a reaction known to proceed via a radical pair. Under the experimental conditions used, magnetic field sensitivity was not observed in the reaction kinetics from stopped-flow measurements in any of the systems studied. Although widely implicated in radical pair chemistry, we conclude that thermally driven, flavoenzyme-catalysed reactions are unlikely to be influenced by exposure to external magnetic fields.

Time-resolved studies of radical pairs

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Woodward ◽  
Timothy J. Foster ◽  
Alex R. Jones ◽  
Adrian T. Salaoru ◽  
Nigel S. Scrutton
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Field Effects ◽  
Radical Pairs ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Field Sensitivity

The effect of magnetic fields on chemical reactions through the RP (radical pair) mechanism is well established, but there are few examples, in the literature, of biological reactions that proceed through RP intermediates and show magnetic field-sensitivity. The present and future relevance of magnetic field effects in biological reactions is discussed.

scholarly journals Polarized light modulates light-dependent magnetic compass orientation in birds

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1654-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Muheim ◽  
Sissel Sjöberg ◽  
Atticus Pinzon-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Field Effects ◽  
Compass Orientation ◽  
Magnetic Compass Orientation ◽  
Avian Retina ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetoreception of the light-dependent magnetic compass in birds is suggested to be mediated by a radical-pair mechanism taking place in the avian retina. Biophysical models on magnetic field effects on radical pairs generally assume that the light activating the magnetoreceptor molecules is nondirectional and unpolarized, and that light absorption is isotropic. However, natural skylight enters the avian retina unidirectionally, through the cornea and the lens, and is often partially polarized. In addition, cryptochromes, the putative magnetoreceptor molecules, absorb light anisotropically, i.e., they preferentially absorb light of a specific direction and polarization, implying that the light-dependent magnetic compass is intrinsically polarization sensitive. To test putative interactions between the avian magnetic compass and polarized light, we developed a spatial orientation assay and trained zebra finches to magnetic and/or overhead polarized light cues in a four-arm “plus” maze. The birds did not use overhead polarized light near the zenith for sky compass orientation. Instead, overhead polarized light modulated light-dependent magnetic compass orientation, i.e., how the birds perceive the magnetic field. Birds were well oriented when tested with the polarized light axis aligned parallel to the magnetic field. When the polarized light axis was aligned perpendicular to the magnetic field, the birds became disoriented. These findings are the first behavioral evidence to our knowledge for a direct interaction between polarized light and the light-dependent magnetic compass in an animal. They reveal a fundamentally new property of the radical pair-based magnetoreceptor with key implications for how birds and other animals perceive the Earth’s magnetic field.

scholarly journals Fluorescence-detected magnetic field effects on radical pair reactions from femtolitre volumes

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (38) ◽  
pp. 8023-8026 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dodson ◽  
C. J. Wedge ◽  
M. Murakami ◽  
K. Maeda ◽  
M. I. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Internal Reflection ◽  
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence ◽  
Magnetic Field Effects ◽  
Field Effects

Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy the effects of applied magnetic fields on radical pair reactions can be sensitively measured from sample volumes as low as ∼100 fL.

Magnetoresistive Switch Effect and Its Application to Magnetic Field Sensors

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 2223-2226
Author(s):  
Zhi-gang Sun ◽  
Masaki Mizuguchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Akinaga
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensors ◽  
Field Sensitivity ◽  
Gaas Substrates ◽  
Etching Method ◽  
Magnetic Filed ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetoresistive switch effect (MRS effect) devices containing two gold (Au) electrodes with a gap less than 2 µm were successfully fabricated on semi-insulting GaAs substrates by wet etching method. Huge MRS effect was observed. Magnetoresistance (MR) ratio reached 1,000,000% under the magnetic filed of 1.5 T when the devices were operated just above the threshold voltage. The magnetic field sensitivity at small magnetic fields was significantly improved. MR ratio of more than 1000% was achieved at 0.03 T. A relative high MR ratio of 100,000% under the magnetic filed of 1.5 T was also achieved when the devices operating before the threshold voltage.

scholarly journals Radical pairs may play a role in microtubule reorganization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi ZADEH-HAGHIGHI ◽  
Christoph Simon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Spin Dynamics ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Field Effects ◽  
Radical Pairs ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
Field Effects ◽  
Isotopic Dependence

The exact mechanism behind general anesthesia remains an open question in neuroscience. It has been proposed that anesthetics selectively prevent consciousness and memory via acting on microtubules (MTs). It is known that the magnetic field modulates MT organization. A recent study shows that a radical pair model can explain the isotope effect in xenon-induced anesthesia and predicts magnetic field effects on anesthetic potency. Further, reactive oxygen species are also implicated in MT stability and anesthesia. Based on a simple radical pair mechanism model and a simple mathematical model of MT organization, we show that magnetic fields can modulate spin dynamics of naturally occurring radical pairs in MT. We show that the spin dynamics influence a rate in the reaction cycle, which translates into a change in the MT density. We can reproduce magnetic field effects on the MT concentration that have been observed. Our model also predicts additional effects at slightly higher fields. Our model further predicts that the effect of zinc on the MT density exhibits isotopic dependence. The findings of this work make a connection between microtubule-based and radical pair-based quantum theories of consciousness.

scholarly journals Upper bound on the biological effects of 50/60 Hz magnetic fields mediated by radical pairs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Hore
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
Childhood Leukaemia ◽  
Radical Pairs ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractProlonged exposure to weak (~1 μT) extremely-low-frequency (ELF, 50/60 Hz) magnetic fields has been associated with an increased risk of childhood leukaemia. One of the few biophysical mechanisms that might account for this link involves short-lived chemical reaction intermediates known as radical pairs. In this report, we use spin dynamics simulations to derive an upper bound of 10 parts per million on the effect of a 1 μT ELF magnetic field on the yield of a radical pair reaction. By comparing this figure with the corresponding effects of changes in the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, we conclude that if exposure to such weak 50/60 Hz magnetic fields has any effect on human biology, and results from a radical pair mechanism, then the risk should be no greater than travelling a few kilometres towards or away from the geomagnetic north or south pole.

Magnetic field effects on coenzyme B12- and B6-dependent lysine 5,6-aminomutase: switching of the J-resonance through a kinetically competent radical-pair intermediate

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 13068-13074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ru Chen ◽  
Shyue-Chu Ke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Exchange Interaction ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
Coenzyme B12 ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Magnetic Field Effects ◽  
Field Effects

External magnetic fields interact with lysine 5,6-aminomutase, through an immobilized radical-pair with constant and large exchange interaction, to switch on J-resonance between singlet and triplet spin states, which have different reactive fates.

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