Sir Charles Sherrington, O.M, F. R. S. (1857-1952) An Appreciation

Few men of science have approached so near to life’s hundredth anniversary as Charles Sherrington. He died at the age of ninety-five. Few have served life’s changing purposes so wisely and effectively in each succeeding decade. He was a quiet lovable man who had far too keen a sense of humour to be anything but modest. He was a true genius in whose mind, the most complicated findings were viewed critically and reduced to simple facts and clues. He played his part in every stage of life with enthusiastic gaiety, accepting fame, when it came, with true humility— and sorrow, when it came, with steadfast courage. He was bom in London, but spent his boyhood in Ipswich, and grew to young manhood in a home of quiet culture where art and good literature and good conversation were as familiar to him as tea and toast. He was small of body, but he became a wiry, muscular lad and an athlete who excelled at rugby football. He continued to indulge his love of sport until the middle years of his life, rowing, sailing, ski-ing, climbing. When he had finished school, he set out upon a scholar’s pilgrimage, beginning with medicine at St Thomas’s Hospital, London, and following the routine steps to the Royal College of Surgeons. He went on to physiology, first at Cambridge University, then Liverpool and finally Oxford. He devoted himself to teaching and specialized research. He gave service to his fellows through the Royal Society, the Physiological Society, and the Journal of Physiology .

George Gabriel Stokes was one of the most significant mathematicians and natural philosophers of the nineteenth century. Serving as Lucasian professor at Cambridge he made wide-ranging contributions to optics, fluid dynamics and mathematical analysis. As Secretary of the Royal Society he played a major role in the direction of British science acting as both a sounding board and a gatekeeper. Outside his own area he was a distinguished public servant and MP for Cambridge University. He was keenly interested in the relation between science and religion and wrote extensively on the matter. This edited collection of essays brings together experts in mathematics, physics and the history of science to cover the many facets of Stokes’s life in a scholarly but accessible way.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096777202110323
Author(s):  
Simon Gray

Dr James Copland (1791–1870) was born in the Orkney Islands and studied medicine at Edinburgh where he graduated in 1815. The following year was spent in Paris to acquire knowledge of the latest developments in pathology and he then travelled for a year along the coast of West Africa gaining practical experience of treating tropical diseases. After establishing his medical practice in London, which eventually became extremely successful, he contributed to medical journals and also became editor of the London Medical Repository from 1822 to 1825. His greatest work was The Dictionary of Practical Medicine written entirely by himself which was completed between 1832 and 1858. More than 10,000 copies of the dictionary were sold and its author became world famous during his lifetime. In 1833, Copland was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and from 1837 onwards he played a prominent role in the proceedings of The Royal College of Physicians. This article shows how his extensive professional and literary work was combined with an unusual private life.


1743 ◽  
Vol 42 (470) ◽  
pp. 559-563

Sir , Making bloody Water is universally esteemed as terrible a Symptom as any that can happen in the Small-pox ; and all who have wrote concerning that Distemper, do unanimously agree, that it is a certain Forerunner of approaching Death.


The Royal Society was not the first scientific society, or organized academy for the promotion of science, to be founded, since it was preceded by the original Accademia del Cimento, which took its rise in 1657, but lived only ten years. The Royal Society is, then, the oldest corporate body of its kind to have enjoyed continuous existence until today. In a like way the Philosophical Transactions was not the earliest scientific periodical to come forth, since the first number of the Journal des Sçavans appeared, on 5 January 1665, two months before the first number of the Transactions . The Journal , however, while much concerned with scientific matters, including scientific books, dealt with the world of learning in general, including literary, legal and theological matters. Its pronouncements often led to stormy controversy, it had a troubled history and finally ceased to appear in 1790. The Transactions , except for a short break when it was replaced by Hooke’s Philosophical Collections , and for an interruption of three years that followed the landing of William of Orange and the flight of James II, has been published continuously from the issue of the first number dated 6 March 1664/5, the present year thus being the three hundredth anniversary of its beginning. Conspicuously connected with the first appearance of the Philosophical Transactions was Henry Oldenburg, a character very much to the fore in the early history of the Society.


The late learned and famous Dr. Croune having observed how much the knowledge of the animal oeconomy depends upon the doctrine of the nerves and muscles, and how far the rational practice of physic might be improved by a more Perfect acquaintance with the animal oeconomy, did, for the encouragement of these, studies, form a plan for instituting certain Lectures to be read on such subjects, in the Royal College of Physicians on the nerves and muscles, and in the Royal Society on muscular motion; which was left with his Widow, afterwards Lady Sadleir.


1948 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. 212-218

E. Waymouth Reid, who retired from the Chair of Physiology at University College, Dundee, University of St Andrews, in 1935, after forty-six years’ service, died on 10 March 1948 at the age of eighty-five. He was born 11 October 1862 in Canterbury, the fourth son of a surgeon there, James Reid, F.R.C.S. He was educated at Sutton Vallance Grammar School, gaining eventually a Classical Scholarship to Cambridge. He matriculated at Cambridge University in 1879. In 1882 he gained a first class in Part I of the Natural Science Tripos and in 1883 a first class in Part II. During the period 1882-1883 he also acted as one of the demonstrators in the Department of Anatomy. He then decided to qualify in medicine and in 1883 he joined St Bartholomew’s Hospital, graduating in medicine in 1885. He early showed his interest in electrical reactions,, being appointed assistant ‘electrician’ at St Bartholomew’s in 1885. The same year he was elected to a Demonstratorship in Physiology at St Mary’s Hospital under A. D. Waller and in 1887 was promoted to the post of Assistant Lecturer in Physiology. Reid, during the period he was at St Mary’s, carried out in conjunction with Waller a most interesting investigation on the electrical activity of the excised mammalian heart. This investigation must have been one of the earliest pieces of research in electrocardiography in this country. His interest in physico-chemical reactions was also manifested early as in 1887 he devised a useful recording osmometer. In 1889 Reid was elected, at the early age of twenty-seven, as the first holder of the newly created Chair of Physiology at University College, Dundee, where he joined a stimulating and enthusiastic band of colleagues including Geddes, D’Arcy Thompson and Ewing. Reid was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1898 and in 1904 gained the Sc.D. of his old University. The University of St Andrews conferred on him the degree of LL.D. when he retired from his Chair.


1945 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
pp. 158-167

No centenarians are recorded among the ordinary Fellows of the Royal Society. Sir Thomas Barlow fell short by eight months of completing his hundredth year. Physical strength and vigour of mind stayed with him almost to the end. As President of the Royal College of Physicians, and physician to Queen Victoria and the next two sovereigns in succession, he had attained the highest place among consultants in medicine. Even on retirement from these posts he continued for the next quarter of a century to live in the minds of medical men, young as well as old, for throughout this time he was head of the Royal Medical Benevolent Fund and through his personal activity for the welfare of that charity made his name happily familiar to both those who gave and those who received. He was justly and proudly spoken of as the Nestor of British medicine; and he loved his profession. Barlow was elected to the Fellowship of the Society in 1909, when sixty-four years old. It is of interest to note the names of the Fellows in the group of active clinical medicine who signed his certificate at that time: Lord Lister, Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, Sir David Ferrier, P. H. Pye-Smith, Sir Victor Horsley, Sidney Martin, Sir Frederick Mott, H. C. Bastian, Sir Lauder Brunton, Sir William Gowers, F. W. Pavy, Sir John Rose Bradford, and Sir Patrick Manson. All these men had passed away before Barlow himself died, and the clinicians who have succeeded to them in the Society are now in smaller number.


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