Corporate Criminal Liability in India

In 21st Century, crimes committed by corporate bodies are creating more serious challenge for criminal justice system. Some vested interests which are controlling affairs of corporate bodies misuse the corporate body for commission of criminal acts to maximise profit. Corporate body is conferred with legal personality for regulation of its functions but it does not have physical body and mind of its own, thereby, problem arises for holding corporate body as criminal, and further, in imposition of criminal liability. Corporate criminal activities badly affect environment, health, safety and infra-structure development. Corporate entities are involved in corruption, forgery, money laundering, foreign exchange violations, money laundering, tax evasions, benami property transactions and other economic offences. Proper formulation of criminal justice actions and effective enforcement of corporate criminal liabilities are modern criminal justice requirements. Corporate bodies are business entities; economic wellbeing of society, prosperity of citizenry and development of nation depend on freedom of trade, amicable business environment and least regulation of corporate entities. Hereby, in determination and imposition of corporate criminal liability for betterment of society, it is necessary to make balance between to take stern actions to tackle corporate crimes and to take care to not hamper legitimate activities of corporate bodies. Law relating to corporate criminal liability in India will be analysed in this paper. Keywords: Criminal Justice System, Corporate crime, Corporate criminal liability, Natural person, Social wellbeing, Strict liability

Eucharistic interdependence: A biblical theology of support raising

Missionary support raising is at the nexus of theology, mission, and money. How do denominations fund mission work and missionaries? What does that funding reveal about missiological mindsets? How do we feel about missions and money? What is the calling, both for the individual and the corporate body, in terms of funding missions? Ultimately, the answers to these questions should be based in the deepest-held truths of the Christian faith. Therefore, this article proposes a biblical theology of support raising. First, the biblical case generally provided by current literature is described. Second, that “case” for support raising is expanded by examining fundamental underlying assumptions that can be summarized as “eucharistic interdependence.” Finally some of the “hard questions” of support raising are looked at through the lens of this eucharistic interdependence framework.

Role of Public Relations in Corporate Image Building and Sustenance

Public relations is a strategic approach towards the creation of goodwill and brand image through developing a cordial relationship between the organization and its target audience. Image is the reputation or perception of a person, group or corporate body, held by others, often as a result of what they (the corporate body) do or have done. The study is set to find out two major things: To find out if public relations plays a role in image building of an organization; and to determine if public relations plays a role in image sustenance of an organization. The methodology for the paper is the review of existing literatures in the field of public relations and image building and sustenance. Public relations is a veritable tool of corporate image building and sustenance as it helps shape the way publics of an organization see or perceive the organization. These publics can be internal or external. By internal we mean employees, and by external we mean customers/clients and the host community. In building or sustaining a corporate image of an organization by the Public Relations Officer (PRO), there are quite a number of tools very important. These tools include press/news release, press/news conference, sponsorships, house organs, Annual General Meeting (AGM), etc. Different types of public relations are presented.

BoD Structure and Corporate Governance Models

Corporate governance, the soul of every corporate body, is indispensable for the survival, growth, and development of any kind of organization. It has significant impact and influence in attaining the confidence of stakeholder. Good governance leads to instill the confidence of stakeholder. The significance of corporate governance has increased globally in past decades due to financial crises, technology advancement, liberalizations, emergence of financial markets, and liberalization of trade and capital mobilization. Corporate boards, academicians, legislators, and in all businesses, corporate governance are believed to be a mainstream concern in corporate structure.

Orthodoxy and the Politics of Christian Subjectivity: A Case Study of the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON)

Informed by theories of biopolitics and necropolitics, I argue that Christian orthodoxy is a colonial power formation that manufactures the subjectivities of those within the Church and those without. The operation of biopolitics and necropolitics coalesces around two Christian bodies – the local body and the corporate body catholic – and is thus explicable according to the synthetic framework of ‘body politics.’ Within the body-political calculus, orthodox Christians qualify as genuine lives and, consequently, benefit from biopolitical interventions to promote their flourishing; heretics, by contrast, represent (non-)subjects whose bodies orthodoxy/colonialism consigns to destruction. As a case study to illustrate the import of my theoretical analysis for ecclesiological reflection, I examine the rhetoric of the leaders of the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON), who, despite presenting their movement as a decolonial project, espouse a body-political theology and, therefore, remain firmly within the matrix of Christian colonial orthodoxy.

Hanse Cultural Geography and Communal Identity in Late-Medieval City Views of Lübeck

This article examines painted and printed city views of Lübeck, Germany, from ca. 1465 to 1540 as a lens to examine the corporate body of Hanse merchants and towns in the Baltic late-medieval urban environment. Previous studies on painted views of Lübeck in the background of Bernt Notke’s Lübeck Dance of Death and Hermen Rode’s Altarpiece of Sts. Nicholas and Viktor interpret the cityscape as a marker for the dominance of Lübeck in the Baltic Sea. In identifying the manipulated monuments and spatial distortions in representations of Lübeck, this article draws upon the social context of patronage and recent studies on the Hanse network to argue that city views of Lübeck attest to the shared urban group and cultural practices between Hanse merchants and towns. The Lübeck city view, displayed locally and extraterritorially, and further proliferated in early printed geography books, catered to the Hanse collective of intertwined consumers and markets.

人類命運共同體——對薩斯教授一文的回應

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.The COVID-19 pandemic has changed every single person and every political and corporate body. Even now, the pandemic remains severe in many countries. Every day, more lives are lost to the disease, which has destroyed countless families. Every member of the human family, every being in this world, is a tree on the same mountain and a wave on the same sea. Any political body, regardless of its form and size, has the same individual biological attributes as the people it comprises. It seeks to preserve its life, further its interests, and avoid harm, fighting, and even war. The activities of a state or social group, like those of an individual, are ultimately directed toward survival. However, achieving this purpose requires greater cooperation for a group and state than for an individual. Thus, various crises may be resolved by breaking down the barriers of “meritocracy”; rejecting any form of narrow localism, even a kind of dogmatic geographic patriotism; discarding groundless accusations and suspicion; and allowing all of mankind to breathe the same air and share the same fate.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 5 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Suit as a mediating technology of organization

The suit, the garb of modernity, presents itself as a sheath, hiding the body and elevating the intellect. The aristocrats were all ostentation and conspicuous display; the bourgeois industrialists, in contrast, shed ornament in favour of demure, sober, proper, and functional attire suited to the business of business. This chapter shows the suit is not against fashion, but constitutes its own organizing force as fashion: it promises constancy, dependability, and an unthinking willingness to subject the private to the corporate body, with few exceptions.