scholarly journals The compressibility of aqueous solutions II

1934 ◽  
Vol 146 (858) ◽  
pp. 640-650 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Range ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Excess Pressure ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
In Series ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
A Direct Method

In an earlier communication, Perman and Urry described the measurement, by a direct method, of the compressibility coefficients of aqueous solution of urea, cane sugar, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride, over a range temperatures and concentrations. Their work was over the pressure range 0-200 atmospheres excess pressure. They were able to apply their together with other data obtained by their co-workers, to an extension Porter's theory of compressible solutions, and thus obtained values for osmotic pressures of those solutions which agreed very well with the obtained by more direct methods. The present work is a continuation of this and subsequent work (unpublished) by these authors. It was intended, especially, to investigate the effect of nature of the solute molecule upon the compressibility, and, for this reason the choice of solutes was particularly important. A number of series chemically related compounds were used where only one part of the mole varied in a progressive manner from substance to substance. In series there was no chemical relationship, but the members had the empirical formula and their molecular weights were therefore simple multi of each other.

scholarly journals Application and benchmarking of a direct method to optimize the fuel consumption of a diesel electric locomotive

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 2272-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Macian ◽  
C Guardiola ◽  
B Pla ◽  
A Reig
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Minimum Principle ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Pontryagin Minimum Principle ◽  
A Direct Method

This paper addresses the optimal control of a long-haul passenger train to deliver minimum-fuel operations. Contrary to the common Pontryagin minimum principle approach in railroad-related literature, this work addresses this optimal control problem with a direct method of optimization, the use of which is still marginal in this field. The implementation of a particular direct method based on the Euler collocation scheme and its transcription into a nonlinear problem are described in detail. In this paper, this optimization technique is benchmarked with well-known optimization methods in the literature, namely dynamic programming and the Pontryagin minimum principle, by simulating a real route. The results showed that the direct methods are on the same level of optimality compared with other algorithms while requiring reduced computational time and memory and being able to handle very complex dynamic systems. The performance of the direct method is also compared to the real trajectory followed by the train operator and exhibits up to 20% of fuel saving in the example route.

scholarly journals Implementasi Metode Langsung Dalam Meningkatkan Bahasa Arab

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-177
Author(s):  
Maturidi Maturidi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
A Direct Method

ABSTRACT In this study aims to find about the implementation of a direct method in improving Arabic in the Modern Ar-Ridho Sentul Pondok, as Arabic as the language of the Koran revealed by Allah to the prophet Muhammad SAW, while in this discussion produced several important points, among others, the application of the direct method of language improvement is done by creating a good language environment (bi'ah lugowiyah), all pondok residents speak Arabic without exception, making activities that support the implementation of Arabic language improvement methods, namely conversation, contest drama and others, in an effort to implement direct methods there are driving and inhibiting factors in applying these methods, the hope of this research is to provide benefits to all those who wrestle in their respective fields both, from education practitioners, boarding schools, or researchers and readers Keywords: Ar-Ridho, Arabic, direct method, teaching  

IMPLEMENTASI METODE LANGSUNG DALAM MENINGKATKAN BAHASA ARAB

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Maturidi Maturidi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
A Direct Method

ABSTRACT In this study aims to find about the implementation of a direct method in improving Arabic in the Modern Ar-Ridho Sentul Pondok, as Arabic as the language of the Koran revealed by Allah to the prophet Muhammad SAW, while in this discussion produced several important points, among others, the application of the direct method of language improvement is done by creating a good language environment (bi'ah lugowiyah), all pondok residents speak Arabic without exception, making activities that support the implementation of Arabic language improvement methods, namely conversation, contest drama and others, in an effort to implement direct methods there are driving and inhibiting factors in applying these methods, the hope of this research is to provide benefits to all those who wrestle in their respective fields both, from education practitioners, boarding schools, or researchers and readers Keywords: Ar-Ridho, Arabic, direct method, teaching  

Design of Highly Loaded Blade Profiles Using an Iterative Inverse-Direct Computational Procedure

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Miton ◽  
Hervé Sankale ◽  
Jacques Chauvin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Method ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Turbine Stage ◽  
Vector Distribution ◽  
Transonic Turbine ◽  
A Direct Method ◽  
Vector Magnitude

This paper describes the principle of a transonic blade design process based on a numerical approach combining an inverse and a direct methods of flow calculation, and its application to a transonic turbine stage. The initial data required are the Mach vector distribution (in magnitude and direction) on a starting streamline (usually the succion side), and the distribution of one component of the velocity vector (magnitude or direction) in the channel inlet and outlet plane. The example used is related to three cascade sections of a single heavily loaded turbine. In its present state, the very fast inverse method (less than 1 sec. C.P.U. on an IBM 3033) cannot, by itself, provide a satisfactory design, as it does not include automatically the flow periodicity conditions. This justifies the combined and iterative use of a direct method to obtain the coherence of the process. With this better approach, satisfactory cascade geometry can be provided.

scholarly journals Plastic waste to fuels by hydrocracking at mild conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. eabf8283
Author(s):  
Sibao Liu ◽  
Pavel A. Kots ◽  
Brandon C. Vance ◽  
Andrew Danielson ◽  
Dionisios G. Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tandem Catalysis ◽  
Hy Zeolite ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
A Direct Method

Single-use plastics impose an enormous environmental threat, but their recycling, especially of polyolefins, has been proven challenging. We report a direct method to selectively convert polyolefins to branched, liquid fuels including diesel, jet, and gasoline-range hydrocarbons, with high yield up to 85% over Pt/WO3/ZrO2 and HY zeolite in hydrogen at temperatures as low as 225°C. The process proceeds via tandem catalysis with initial activation of the polymer primarily over Pt, with subsequent cracking over the acid sites of WO3/ZrO2 and HY zeolite, isomerization over WO3/ZrO2 sites, and hydrogenation of olefin intermediates over Pt. The process can be tuned to convert different common plastic wastes, including low- and high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, everyday polyethylene bottles and bags, and composite plastics to desirable fuels and light lubricants.

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