The analysis of randomized experiments with orthogonal block structure. II. Treatment structure and the general analysis of variance

1965 ◽  
Vol 283 (1393) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Block Structure ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Design Matrix ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Orthogonal Idempotent ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Treatment Structure ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

Any orthogonal block structure for a set of experimental units has been previously shown to be expressible by a set of mutually orthogonal, idempotent matrices C i . When differential treatments are applied to the units, any linear model of treatment effects is expressible by another set of mutually orthogonal idempotent matrices T j . The analysis of any experiment having any set of treatments applied in any pattern whatever to units with an orthogonal block structure, is expressible in terms of the matrices C i , T j and the design matrix N, which lists the treatments applied to each unit. A unit-treatment additivity assumption and a valid randomization are essential to the validity of the analysis. The relevant estimation equations are developed for this general situation, and the idea of balance is given a generalized definition, which is illustrated by several examples. An outline is sketched for a general computer program to deal with the analysis of all experiments with an orthogonal block structure and linear treatment model.

The analysis of randomized experiments with orthogonal block structure. I. Block structure and the null analysis of variance

1965 ◽  
Vol 283 (1393) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Covariance Matrix ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Block Structure ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Orthogonal Idempotent ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Block Structures ◽  
Simple Block ◽  
Randomization Distribution

Nearly all the experimental designs so far proposed assume that the experimental units are or can be grouped together in blocks in ways that can be described in terms of nested and cross-classifications. When every nesting classification employed has equal numbers of subunits nested in each unit, then the experimental units are said to have a simple block structure . Every simple block structure has a complete randomization theory. Any permutation of the labelling of the units is permissible which preserves the block structure, and this defines a valid randomization procedure. In a null experiment all units receive the same treatment, and the population of all possible vectors of yields generated by the randomization procedure gives the null randomization distribution. The covariance matrix of this distribution, the null analysis of variance, and the expectations of the various mean squares in it are all derivable from the initial description of the block structure. All simple block structures can be characterized by a set of mutually orthogonal idempotent matrices C i . Such sets of matrices may also exist for non-simple block structures (e. g. those having unequal numbers of plots in a block), and the existence of such a set defines an orthogonal block structure. Non-simple orthogonal block structures do not have a complete randomization theory and inferences from them require further assumptions.

A general computer program for the extended plate overlap algorithm

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chr. de Vegt ◽  
E. Ebner ◽  
K. von der Heide
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

In contrast to the adjustment of single plates a block adjustment is a simultaneous determination of all unknowns associated with many overlapping plates (star positions and plate constants etc. ) by one large adjustment. This plate overlap technique was introduced by Eichhorn and reviewed by Googe et. al. The author now has developed a set of computer programmes which allows the adjustment of any set of contemporaneous overlapping plates. There is in principle no limit for the number of plates, the number of stars, the number of individual plate constants for each plate, and for the overlapping factor.

Simulation of three Dimensional Defect Images in Transmission Electron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
W. D. Cooper ◽  
C. S. Hartley ◽  
J. J. Hren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
Continuum Models ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

Interpretation of electron microscope images of crystalline lattice defects can be greatly aided by computer simulation of theoretical contrast from continuum models of such defects in thin foils. Several computer programs exist at the present time, but none are sufficiently general to permit their use as an aid in the identification of the range of defect types encountered in electron microscopy. This paper presents progress in the development of a more general computer program for this purpose which eliminates a number of restrictions contained in other programs. In particular, the program permits a variety of foil geometries and defect types to be simulated.The conventional approximation of non-interacting columns is employed for evaluation of the two-beam dynamical scattering equations by a piecewise solution of the Howie-Whelan equations.

scholarly journals A General Computer Program for Radiocarbon Dating Laboratories

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 789-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilio González-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Liquid Scintillation Counting ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
And Storage ◽  
General Computer Program ◽  
General Computer

Radiocarbon dating laboratories deal with many types of data and calculations, which include information on received and dated samples, age calculations and storage of results, printed reports to submitters and graphs plotted from sample measurements. I describe a computer program, designed to run on any PC-compatible computer with a hard disk, that can handle all the functions of a conventional liquid scintillation counting radiocarbon dating laboratory.

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