Review lecture: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in two frequency dimensions

1980 ◽  
Vol 373 (1753) ◽  
pp. 149-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Past History ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Spin Coupling ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

A spectrum is normally thought of in terms of a graph of absorption intensity as a function of frequency, and in this form it has served us well for many years. A recent development extends this idea into a second frequency dimension, the spectrum now being represented by a surface in three-dimensional space. The examples are in the field of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy, although the principle is rather more general, being based on the two-dimensional Fourier transformation of a transient response that is a function of two independent time variables t 1 and t 2 . By arranging for different experimental conditions to prevail during t 1 and t 2 , it is possible to separate different n.m.r. parameters, for example chemical shifts and spin coupling constants, into the two frequency dimensions. There is also an important element of correlation involved, since during t 2 the nuclei ‘remember’ their past history during t 1 ,and this has been used to correlate proton and carbon-13 chemical shifts.

Studies of specifically fluorinated carbohydrates. Part II. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of pentopyranosyl fluoride derivatives

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Hall ◽  
J. F. Manville
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Studies ◽  
Conformational Model ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Detailed studies, by 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, of a series of fully esterified pentopyranosyl fluorides, show that all such derivatives favor that conformer in which the fluorine substituent is axially oriented. This conclusion is supported by separate considerations of the vicinal and geminal19F–1H and 1H–1H coupling constants, of the long-range (4J) 1H–1H and 19F–1H coupling constants and of the 19F chemical shifts. The limitations of the above conformational model are discussed.

PREFERRED RESIDENCE CONFORMATIONS OF DIASTEREOISOMERIC α–β AMINO ALCOHOLS: AN N.M.R. STUDY OF THE EPHEDRINES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2536-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Hyne
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Amino Alcohols ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Spin Coupling ◽  
Spin Coupling Constants ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectral results including chemical shifts, anisotropy effects, spin coupling constants, and hydrogen bonding phenomena are presented for the diastereoisomeric pair of α–β amino alcohols (−)-ephedrine and (+)-Ψ-ephedrine. The results are shown to be in keeping with the existence of a preferred residence conformation for each of the diastereoisomers.

13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 3,6-disubstituted pyridazines

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottfried Heinisch ◽  
Wolfgang Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Spin Coupling ◽  
Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 17 3,6-disubstituted pyridazine derivatives have been systematically analyzed. Chemical shifts and various 13C, 1H coupling constants are reported. Attempts were made to correlate these data with results obtained from semiempirical molecular orbital calculations as well as with substituent electronegativities and Taft's substituent constants σI and σR0. Key words: 3,6-disubstituted pyridazines, 13C NMR spectroscopy, 13C, 1H spin coupling constants.

Long-range 13C, 13C spin–spin coupling constants in anisole and some derivatives

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1635-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Schaefer ◽  
Glenn H. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Methoxy Group ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Spin Coupling ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Spin Coupling Constants ◽  
Spin Spin Coupling ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and nJ(13C,13C) are reported for anisole and 16 of its derivatives, all enriched with 13C in the methoxyl group. 5J(13C,13C) is directly proportional to sin2θ, where θ is the angle by which the methoxy group twists about the C(1)—O bond. In acetone-d6 solution, 5J(C,C) is not observable for a number of 4-substituted anisoles, except for 1,4-dimethoxybenzene. For the latter, 5J(C,C) is compatible with a twofold barrier of 19.3 ± 1.1 kJ/mol hindering rotation about the C(1)—O bond. However, it is unlikely that the barrier is purely twofold in nature. The observed 5J(C,C) is also compatible with 10.5 and 6.0 kJ/mol for the twofold and fourfold components, respectively, implying a dynamical nuclear magnetic resonance barrier of less than 13 kJ/mol. While phase and solvent effects on the internal barrier in anisole are certainly substantial, it appears that a fourfold component must also be present. The apparent twofold barrier in 2,6-difluoroanisole is 5.4 ± 0.9 kJ/mol, based on 5J(C,C) and 6J(H-4,13C). The latter coupling constant is also reported for 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene and used to deduce its conformation. The θ dependence of 3J(C,C) and 4J(C,C) is briefly discussed for symmetrical anisole derivatives. Differential 13C, 13C isotope shifts are reported for 1,4-dimethoxybenzene.

Aqueous solution interaction of the methylmercuric cation with the dinucleotides CpG and dCpdG as studied by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2038-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Buchanan ◽  
M. J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
The Self ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectral Parameters ◽  
Guanine Base ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

13C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and 13C–31P coupling constants are reported for the self-complementary dinucleotides CpG and dCpdG in aqueous solution. The influence of methylmercuration at pH 6.0 on these spectral parameters has been examined. Results are interpreted in terms of preferential methylmercuration at the N-7 site of the guanine base of each dinucleotide with concomitant base destacking.

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME SELENIUM COMPOUNDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Birchall ◽  
R. J. Gillespie ◽  
S. L. Vekris
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Arsenic Trichloride ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra ◽  
Tin Tetrachloride ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Selenium nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been observed for a number of selenium compounds. Chemical shifts and coupling constants with hydrogen and fluorine have been obtained. Various systems involving selenium compounds have been studied. It was found that a mixture of SeOF2 and SeOCl2 contains SeOClF and that rapid selenium exchange occurs between SeOCl2 and SeOBr2 presumably via the intermediate SeOClBr. The reactions of selenium tetrahalides with sulfur and selenium trioxides and with boron trifluoride were studied. It was observed that antimony pentachloride, tin tetrachloride, arsenic trichloride, quinoline, and potassium chloride produce considerable shifts in the resonance of selenium oxychloride. These shifts can be interpreted in terms of the acid–base behavior of the solutes.

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