Multiplicity results for the non-homogeneous fractional p -Kirchhoff equations with concave–convex nonlinearities

In this paper, we are interested in the multiplicity of solutions for a non-homogeneous p -Kirchhoff-type problem driven by a non-local integro-differential operator. As a particular case, we deal with the following elliptic problem of Kirchhoff type with convex–concave nonlinearities: a + b ∬ R 2 N | u ( x ) − u ( y ) | p | x − y | N + s p d x d y θ − 1 ( − Δ ) p s u = λ ω 1 ( x ) | u | q − 2 u + ω 2 ( x ) | u | r − 2 u + h ( x ) in R N , where ( − Δ ) p s is the fractional p -Laplace operator, a + b >0 with a , b ∈ R 0 + , λ>0 is a real parameter, 0 < s < 1 < p < ∞ with sp < N , 1< q < p ≤ θp < r < Np /( N − sp ), ω 1 , ω 2 , h are functions which may change sign in R N . Under some suitable conditions, we obtain the existence of two non-trivial entire solutions by applying the mountain pass theorem and Ekeland's variational principle. A distinguished feature of this paper is that a may be zero, which means that the above-mentioned problem is degenerate. To the best of our knowledge, our results are new even in the Laplacian case.