scholarly journals Evolution of male and female choice in polyandrous systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1851) ◽  
pp. 20162174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Puurtinen ◽  
Lutz Fromhage
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Female Fecundity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sperm Limitation ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Mating Costs ◽  
The Cost

We study the evolution of male and female mating strategies and mate choice for female fecundity and male fertilization ability in a system where both sexes can mate with multiple partners, and where there is variation in individual quality (i.e. in the availability of resources individuals can allocate to matings, mate choice and production of gametes). We find that when the cost of mating differs between sexes, the sex with higher cost of mating is reluctant to accept matings and is often also choosy, while the other sex accepts all matings. With equal mating costs, the evolution of mating strategies depends on the strength of female sperm limitation, so that when sperm limitation is strong, males are often reluctant and choosy, whereas females tend to accept available matings. Male reluctance evolves because a male's benefit per mating diminishes rapidly as he mates too often, hence losing out in the process of sperm competition as he spends much of his resources on mating costs rather than ejaculate production. When sperm limitation is weaker, females become more reluctant and males are more eager to mate. The model thus suggests that reversed sex roles are plausible outcomes of polyandry and limited sperm production. Implications for empirical studies of mate choice are discussed.

scholarly journals The Cost of Mating: Influences of Life History Traits and Mating Strategies on Lifespan in Two Closely RelatedYponomeutaSpecies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Bakker ◽  
J. Campos Louçã ◽  
P. Roessingh ◽  
S. B. J. Menken
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mating Population ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Female Lifespan

Theory predicts that in monandrous butterfly species males should not invest in a long lifespan because receptive females quickly disappear from the mating population. In polyandrous species, however, it pays for males to invest in longevity, which increases the number of mating opportunities and thus reproductive fitness. We tested an extension of this idea and compared male and female lifespan of two closely relatedYponomeutaspecies with different degree of polyandry. Our results confirmed the theoretical prediction that male lifespan is fine-tuned to female receptive lifespan; once-mated males and females of both polyandrous species had an equal lifespan. However, the degree of polyandry was not reflected in male relative to female lifespan. The observed similar female and male lifespan could largely be attributed to a dramatic reduction of female lifespan after mating.

Infection and colony variability in social insects

1994 ◽  
Vol 346 (1317) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Mating Costs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The average relatedness among colony members in the social insects, such as bees, wasps and ants, is often low, contrary to the expectations of kin selection theory. Lower relatedness results from multiple mating by the queens (polyandry) or from the presence of more than one functional queen (polygyny). Among the proposed advantages for such mating systems, selection by parasites for within-colony genetic variability is discussed. Empirical studies of this problem are few, but several lines of evidence suggest a role for parasites, such that genetic diversity reduces the rate of within-group transmission. Theoretical considerations indicate that multiple mating is advantageous under conditions of low mating costs relative to parasite pressure and when intermediately sized colonies have a disproportionately large share of reproductive success in the population. In this view, mating strategies (as in polyandry) and strategies of female associations (as in polygyny) that lead to an increased genetic diversity among offspring are, at least in part, an instance of variance reduction in relation to parasitism.

My Brother’s Reaper: Examining Officially Reported Siblicide Incidents in the United States, 2000–2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Walsh ◽  
Jessie L. Krienert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sibling Violence ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Older Brothers ◽  
Intrafamilial Violence ◽  
Frequent Offenders

With higher rates than any other form of intrafamilial violence, Hoffman and Edwards (2004) note, sibling violence “constitutes a pandemic form of victimization of children, with the symptoms often going unrecognized and the effect ignored” (p. 187). Approximately 80% of children reside with at least one sibling (Kreider, 2008), and in its most extreme form sibling violence manifests as siblicide. Siblicide is poorly understood with fewer than 20 empirical studies identified in the extant literature since 1980 (see Eriksen & Jensen, 2006). The present work employs 8 years of Supplemental Homicide Report (SHR) data, 2000–2007, with siblicide victims and offenders age 21 years and younger, to construct contemporary victim and offender profiles examining incident characteristics. Findings highlight the sex-based nature of the offense with unique victimization patterns across victims and offenders. Older brothers using a firearm are the most frequent offenders against both male and female siblings. Strain as a theoretical foundation of siblicide is offered as an avenue for future inquiry.

scholarly journals Quantifying male and female pheromone-based mate choice in Caenorhabditis nematodes using a novel microfluidic technique

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0189679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Borne ◽  
Katja R. Kasimatis ◽  
Patrick C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Pheromone ◽  
Microfluidic Technique

scholarly journals Environmental and Nutritional Aspect in Male Infertility

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Begum ◽  
ABM Moniruddin ◽  
Khairun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Exogenous Estrogen ◽  
Sperm Counts ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nutritional Aspect ◽  
Anatomical Defects

Male and female partner of a couple must be standard and fit to have the capacity to procreate. Studies confirm that male sperm counts are declining and environmental factors as pesticides, exogenous estrogen, heavy metals negatively impact spermatogenesis without any obvious anatomical defects. So, a number of nutritional therapies have been shown to improve sperm count and motility as carnitine, arginine, zinc, selenium and vitamin B12. Numerous anitioxidants have prove beneficial in treating male infertility as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Glutathione and Coenzyme Q10. This article aims to highlight the correction of nutritional imbalances to encourage optimum sperm production and function, when there is idiopathic impaired spermatogenesis.   doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1997   J Medicine 2009; 10: 16-19   

scholarly journals Heightened condition dependent expression of structural colouration in the faces, but not wings, of male and female flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E White ◽  
Amy Locke ◽  
Tanya Latty
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Condition Dependence ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Structural Colouration

Abstract Structurally coloured sexual signals are a conspicuous and widespread class of ornament used in mate choice, though the extent to which they encode information on the quality of their bearers is not fully resolved. Theory predicts that signalling traits under strong sexual selection as honest indicators should evolve to be more developmentally integrated and exaggerated than nonsexual traits, thereby leading to heightened condition dependence. Here we test this prediction through examination of the sexually dimorphic faces and wings of the cursorial fly Lispe cana. Males and females possess structural UV-white and golden faces, respectively, and males present their faces and wings to females during close-range, ground-based courtship displays, thereby creating the opportunity for mutual inspection. Across a field-collected sample of individuals, we found that the appearance of the faces of both sexes scaled positively with individual condition, though along separate axes. Males in better condition expressed brighter faces as modelled according to conspecific flies, whereas condition scaled with facial saturation in females. We found no such relationships for their wing interference pattern nor abdomens, with the latter included as a nonsexual control. Our results suggest that the structurally coloured faces, but not the iridescent wings, of male and female Lispe cana are reliable guides to individual quality and support the broader potential for structural colours as honest signals. They also highlight the potential for mutual mate choice in this system, while arguing for one of several alternate signalling roles for wing interferences patterns among the myriad taxa which bear them.

The better, the choosier: a meta-analysis on inter-individual variation of male mate choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Pollo ◽  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Michael M. Kasumovic
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Male Mate Choice ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Male Quality ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Male Mate

Male mate choice occurs in several animal species, but we know little about the factors that influence the expression of this behaviour. Males vary in their capacity to acquire mates (i.e. male quality), which could be crucial to male mate choice expression but it is often overlooked. Using a meta-analytical approach, we explore inter-individual variation in the expression of male mate choice by comparing the mating investment of males of different qualities and phenotypes to high- and low-quality females. We used two datasets that together contained information from 60 empirical studies, comprising 52 species. We found that males of all qualities and phenotypes prefer high-quality females, but differ in the strength of such preference. High- and medium-quality males are choosier than low-quality males. Similarly, males that are larger or in greater body condition are choosier than their counterparts. In contrast, male body mass and age are not associated with changes in male mate choice. We also show that experimental design may influence our understanding of male mating investment patterns, which may limit the generalization of our findings. Nonetheless, we argue that male quality may be an important feature in the expression of male mate choice.

4. Sex roles and stereotypes

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mating Competition ◽  
Characteristic Behaviour ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Roles

‘Sex roles and stereotypes’ examines the notion, implicit in many of the original ideas about sexual selection, that males and females have natural ‘roles’ with characteristic behaviour associated with each sex. It also explores further the reasons behind deviations from the ‘typical’ sex roles in mate choice and in mating competition. Are there ‘standard’ male and female roles in both humans and other animal species? One version of sex roles holds that males are generally dominant and females submissive, stemming from the way that sexual selection favours different behaviours in each sex. This could mean that sexual selection dictates particular behaviours in males and females. But in fact, sexual behaviour is extraordinarily varied in nature.

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