Individual recognition is associated with holistic face processing in
            Polistes
            paper wasps in a species-specific way

Most recognition is based on identifying features, but specialization for face recognition in primates relies on a different mechanism, termed ‘holistic processing’ where facial features are bound together into a gestalt which is more than the sum of its parts. Here, we test whether individual face recognition in paper wasps also involved holistic processing using a modification of the classic part-whole test in two related paper wasp species: Polistes fuscatus , which use facial patterns to individually identify conspecifics, and Polistes dominula , which lacks individual recognition. We show that P. fuscatus use holistic processing to discriminate between P. fuscatus face images but not P. dominula face images. By contrast, P. dominula do not rely on holistic processing to discriminate between conspecific or heterospecific face images. Therefore, P. fuscatus wasps have evolved holistic face processing, but this ability is highly specific and shaped by species-specific and stimulus-specific selective pressures. Convergence towards holistic face processing in distant taxa (primates, wasps) as well as divergence among closely related taxa with different recognition behaviour ( P. dominula , P. fuscatus ) suggests that holistic processing may be a universal adaptive strategy to facilitate expertise in face recognition.

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Dynamic neurogenomic responses to social interactions and dominance outcomes in female paper wasps

10.1101/2021.03.01.433260 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Floria M.K. Uy ◽

Christopher M. Jernigan ◽

Natalie C. Zaba ◽

Eshan Mehrotra ◽

Sara E. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Optic Lobe ◽

Individual Recognition ◽

Paper Wasp ◽

Paper Wasps ◽

Transcriptional Responses ◽

Behavior Understanding ◽

Transcriptional Dynamics ◽

Central Brain ◽

And Behavior

ABSTRACTSocial interactions have large effects on individual physiology and fitness. In the immediate sense, social stimuli are often highly salient and engaging. Over longer time scales, competitive interactions often lead to distinct social ranks and differences in physiology and behavior. Understanding how initial responses lead to longer-term effects of social interactions requires examining the changes in responses over time. Here we examined the effects of social interactions on transcriptomic signatures at two points, at the end of a 45-minute interaction and 4 hours later, in female Polistes fuscatus paper wasp foundresses. Female P. fuscatus have variable facial patterns that are used for visual individual recognition, so we separately examined the transcriptional dynamics in the optic lobe and the central brain. Results demonstrate much stronger transcriptional responses to social interactions in the central brain compared to the optic lobe. Differentially regulated genes in response to social interactions are enriched for memory-related transcripts. Comparisons between winners and losers of the encounters revealed similar overall transcriptional profiles at the end of an interaction, which significantly diverged over the course of 4 hours, with losers showing changes in expression levels of genes associated with aggression and reproduction in paper wasps. On nests, subordinate foundresses are less aggressive, do more foraging and lay fewer eggs compared to dominant foundresses and we find losers shift expression of many genes, including vitellogenin, related to aggression, worker behavior, and reproduction within hours of losing an encounter. These results highlight the early neurogenomic changes that likely contribute to behavioral and physiological effects of social status changes in a social insect.

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Pig Face Recognition Model Based on a Cascaded Network

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.14482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 879-890

Author(s):

Rong Wang ◽

ZaiFeng Shi ◽

Qifeng Li ◽

Ronghua Gao ◽

Chunjiang Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Face Detection ◽

Individual Recognition ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Individual Identification ◽

List Type ◽

Recognition Model ◽

Model Based ◽

Face Images ◽

Cascaded Model

HighlightsA pig face recognition model that cascades the pig face detection network and pig face recognition network is proposed.The pig face detection network can automatically extract pig face images to reduce the influence of the background.The proposed cascaded model reaches accuracies of 99.38%, 98.96% and 97.66% on the three datasets.An application is developed to automatically recognize individual pigs.Abstract. The identification and tracking of livestock using artificial intelligence technology have been a research hotspot in recent years. Automatic individual recognition is the key to realizing intelligent feeding. Although RFID can achieve identification tasks, it is expensive and easily fails. In this article, a pig face recognition model that cascades a pig face detection network and a pig face recognition network is proposed. First, the pig face detection network is utilized to crop the pig face images from videos and eliminate the complex background of the pig shed. Second, batch normalization, dropout, skip connection, and residual modules are exploited to design a pig face recognition network for individual identification. Finally, the cascaded network model based on the pig face detection and recognition network is deployed on a GPU server, and an application is developed to automatically recognize individual pigs. Additionally, class activation maps generated by grad-CAM are used to analyze the performance of features of pig faces learned by the model. Under free and unconstrained conditions, 46 pigs are selected to make a positive pig face dataset, original multiangle pig face dataset and enhanced multiangle pig face dataset to verify the pig face recognition cascaded model. The proposed cascaded model reaches accuracies of 99.38%, 98.96%, and 97.66% on the three datasets, which are higher than those of other pig face recognition models. The results of this study improved the recognition performance of pig faces under multiangle and multi-environment conditions. Keywords: CNN, Deep learning, Pig face detection, Pig face recognition.

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Holistic face processing and hemispheric competition during face recognition

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/18.10.1077 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 1077

Author(s):

Matthew Harrison ◽

Lars Strother

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Face Processing ◽

Holistic Face Processing

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Using regression to measure holistic face processing reveals a strong link with face recognition ability

Cognition ◽

10.1016/j.cognition.2012.09.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 87-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Joseph DeGutis ◽

Jeremy Wilmer ◽

Rogelio J. Mercado ◽

Sarah Cohan

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Face Processing ◽

Strong Link ◽

Holistic Face Processing ◽

Recognition Ability

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What We Could Learn About Holistic Face Processing Only From Nonface Objects

Current Directions in Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0963721420920620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 419-425

Author(s):

Isabel Gauthier

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Recent Work ◽

Face Processing ◽

Holistic Processing ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Specific Experience ◽

Holistic Face Processing

Holistic processing is inferred from a number of effects, many of which suggest that people generally find it difficult to process face parts independently. The study of holistic processing using faces has revealed many failures of convergence across different measures, as well as very poor reliability. New tasks designed for individual-differences measurement of holistic processing are more reliable. But other challenges to the study of individual differences in holistic processing require a different approach, in particular the use of nonface objects. Observers’ experiences with faces may be so extensive that it cannot be quantified. In addition, it is difficult to manipulate experience with faces to study causes and mechanisms underlying holistic effects. Recent work has combined an individual-differences approach with a parametric manipulation of experience to reveal that holistic processing arises from domain-specific experience. Other work has revealed that learned attention to parts is sufficient to result in holistic processing, consistent with a mechanism rooted in category-specific learned attention.

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Multiple paths to holistic processing: Holistic processing of Gestalt stimuli do not overlap with holistic face processing in the same manner as do objects of expertise

Attention Perception & Psychophysics ◽

10.3758/s13414-018-01643-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 716-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kim M. Curby ◽

Mengjie Huang ◽

Denise Moerel

Keyword(s):

Face Processing ◽

Holistic Processing ◽

Holistic Face Processing ◽

Multiple Paths

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Are There Qualitative Differences between Face Processing in Photographic Positive and Negative?

Perception ◽

10.1068/p271107 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 1107-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Chang Hong Liu ◽

Avi Chaudhuri

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Face Processing ◽

Quantitative Difference ◽

Face Images ◽

Pictorial Cues

The question whether face recognition in photographic negative relies more on external features and pictorial cues than in photographic positive was studied in five experiments. Recognition of whole faces as well as both external and internal features of the faces was compared in experiments 1 and 2. The conditions in which views of faces between learning and test were either identical (hence providing maximum pictorial cues) or different (hence reducing such cues) were compared in experiments 3, 4, and 5. The results showed that recognition of internal features in two-tone and multi-tone images suffered more from use of photographic negatives than recognition of external features. Testing with both multi-tone and two-tone images revealed that the deficit caused by view changes between learning and test was no more severe with negatives than with positives. Finally, removing external features made recognition of different views equally more difficult for positives and negatives. Overall, these results point to a qualitative rather than quantitative difference between processing face images in photographic positive and negative.

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Boundary Extension in Face Processing

i-Perception ◽

10.1177/2041669517724808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 204166951772480 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olesya Blazhenkova

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Face Processing ◽

Boundary Extension ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Condition ◽

Face Images ◽

Emotional Ability ◽

And Performance

Boundary extension is a common false memory error, in which people confidently remember seeing a wider angle view of the scene than was viewed. Previous research found that boundary extension is scene-specific and did not examine this phenomenon in nonscenes. The present research explored boundary extension in cropped face images. Participants completed either a short-term or a long-term condition of the task. During the encoding, they observed photographs of faces, cropped either in a forehead or in a chin area, and subsequently performed face recognition through a forced-choice selection. The recognition options represented different degrees of boundary extension and boundary restriction errors. Eye-tracking and performance data were collected. The results demonstrated boundary extension in both memory conditions. Furthermore, previous literature reported the asymmetry in amounts of expansion at different sides of an image. The present work provides the evidence of asymmetry in boundary extension. In the short-term condition, boundary extension errors were more pronounced for forehead, than for chin face areas. Finally, this research examined the relationships between the measures of boundary extension, imagery, and emotion. The results suggest that individual differences in emotional ability and object, but not spatial, imagery could be associated with boundary extension in face processing.

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Familiarity Facilitates Feature-based Face Processing

10.1101/058537 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matteo Visconti di Oleggio Castello ◽

Kelsey G. Wheeler ◽

Carlo Cipolli ◽

M. Ida Gobbini

Keyword(s):

Face Detection ◽

Face Processing ◽

Search Task ◽

Visual Search Task ◽

Face Inversion ◽

Face Images ◽

Holistic Face Processing ◽

Unfamiliar Face ◽

Feature Based ◽

Unfamiliar Faces

AbstractRecognition of personally familiar faces is remarkably efficient, effortless and robust. We asked if feature-based face processing facilitates detection of familiar faces by testing the effect of face inversion on a visual search task for familiar and unfamiliar faces. Because face inversion disrupts configural and holistic face processing, we hypothesized that inversion would diminish the familiarity advantage to the extent that it is mediated by such processing. Subjects detected personally familiar and stranger target faces in arrays of two, four, or six face images. Subjects showed significant facilitation of personally familiar face detection for both upright and inverted faces. The effect of familiarity on target absent trials, which involved only rejection of unfamiliar face distractors, suggests that familiarity facilitates rejection of unfamiliar distractors as well as detection of familiar targets. The preserved familiarity effect for inverted faces suggests that facilitation of face detection afforded by familiarity reflects mostly feature-based processes.

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