Social emotional ability development (SEAD): An integrated model of practical emotion-based competencies

Social emotional abilities (i.e., specific skills), defined as the set of cognitive abilities, emotion-based knowledge, and behavioral competencies (i.e., skill levels) that facilitate adaptively employing prosocial processes and behaviors (i.e., “actions”), such as emotional regulation and sympathetic and empathetic response behaviors, is contemporarily modeled and measured as emotional intelligence. This conceptualization can be problematic, however, as the two concepts are not the same and traditional methods of measuring emotional intelligence can have limited practical utility. The social emotional ability development (SEAD) theoretical model introduced in this treatise represents a pragmatic and simplified approach to the development of social emotional ability and competency as abstracted from constructs of emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and sociocultural learning theory. Further, the SEAD model reaches beyond the individual as the unit of analysis to explore, conceptualize, differentiate, investigate, and define the hierarchal, bi-directional, and contextual nature of the dimensions of social emotional ability within close relationships. Implications for how the SEAD model can be used by researchers, practitioners, educators, individuals, families, and couples across a broad spectrum of domains and interventions are discussed.

PELATIHAN KADER DALAM MELAKUKAN KONSELING SEDERHANA SEBAGAI DUKUNGAN SOSIAL UNTUK MENGELOLA POJOK CURHAT

The elderly experience various conditions of decline both physically and psychologically, especially in the current Covid-19 condition, the elderly are isolated from the social environment. To assist the task of cadres to monitor the condition of the elderly, a counseling media is needed to help connect the elderly with their cadres. The purpose of implementing this community partnership program is to increase the knowledge of cadres about the physical and psychological health of the elderly during the pandemic and the ability of cadres to conduct simple counseling to the elderly. This program helps the elderly to prevent the deterioration of their physical and mental health conditions. The method of implementation is by socializing what kind of support health cadres should provide to the elderly, how to recognize the characteristics of the elderly who are mentally healthy and who are at risk of mental problems, and how cadres do simple counseling. The results of the training, cadres experienced a significant increase in knowledge with the highest emotional ability increased by 4.8 points (p-value = 0.001) followed by the ability to provide information 3.9 points (p-value = 0.001), the instrument ability increased by 2.2 points (p-value=0.001) and the award increased by 1.5 points (p-value=0.001). Meanwhile, the ability to do simple counseling increased by 4 points with a p-value of 0.001. Increasing the ability of cadres to conduct counseling is beneficial for the health of the elderly in the future.Lansia mengalami berbagai kondisi penurunan baik fisik maupun psikis, apalagi pada condisi covid-19 saat ini, lansia menjadi terisolasi dari lingkungan sosial. Untuk membantu tugas para kader memantau kondisi lansia, dibutuhkan suatu media konseling membantu menghubungkan lansia dengan kadernya. Tujuan pelaksanaan program kemitraan masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan kader tentang kesehatan fisik dan psikologis lansia di masa pandemik dan kemampuan kader melakukan konseling sederhana kepada lansia. Program ini membantu lansia mencegah memburuknya kondisi fisik serta kesehatan jiwa lansia. Metode pelaksanaan adalah dengan sosialisasi tentang apa saja dukungan yang harus diberikan kader kesehatan kepada lansia, bagaimana mengenal ciri-ciri lansia dengan sehat jiwa dan yang berisiko terjadinya masalah kejiwaan, serta cara kader melakukan konseling sederhana. Hasil pelatihan, kader mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan secara signifikant dengan kemampuan emosional paling tinggi naik sebesar 4,8 poin (p-value=0,001) dikuti dengan kemampuan memberikan informasi 3,9 poin (p-value=0,001), kemampuan instrumen naik 2,2 poin (p-value=0,001) dan penghargaan naik 1,5 poin (p-value=0,001). Kemampuan melakukan konseling sederhana naik 4 poin dengan p-value 0,001. Meningkatnya kemampuan kader melakukan konseling bermanfaat bagi kesehatan lansia di masa yang akan datang.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI TB/U DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF, FISIK, DAN SOSIO-EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA PRA-SEKOLAH Association of Height-For-Age Nutritional Status with Cognitive, Physical, and Socio-Emotional Ability of Pre-School Children

Pre-school period is one of the most important times for children’s growth and development. If there is a growth and development disturbance at this time, it will impact when the child is growing up. One of the factors which related with growth of pre-school children is nutritional status of height for age. The purpose of the study was to analyzed the relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with the cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional abilities of pre-school age children. This research was an analytical observational study using a cross sectional design. Sample of this study was 35 pre-school children selected randomly using simple random sampling. Samples were student of TK Hang Tuah 22, Candi, Sidoarjo. Data collection instrument includes the questionnaire on the characteristics of the subject and the respondent, a Denver instrument Developmental Screening Test II (DDST/Denver II). Spearman Rho test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a relationship between height for age nutritional status with cognitive abilities. However, there was no relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with physical and socio-emotional ability. The conclusion of the study is nutritional status of height for age has a significant association with cognitive abilities in pre-school children. Thus, parents need to monitor the nutritional status height for age of their children by measure the anthropometric result periodically and fulfill the nutritional needs of protein, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and others. Therefore, if there is any problem founded, it can be handled properly and will not affect the growth and development of the children.

Emotional Regulation: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (II)

Recently, an article published in the Journal of East China Normal University (Education Sciences) was based on the data of 10-year-old and 15-year-old students in Suzhou City, China participating in the OECD social and emotional ability assessment. The study used descriptive statistics, difference testing, regression analysis, and other statistical methods to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the emotional regulation performance of Suzhou students.

Overview and Insight from the China Research Report on the Global Youth Survey of Social and Emotional Skills by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

Social and emotional skills are important for students in 21st century study, life, and future work. In 2018, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) officially launched the first round of social and emotional skills tests for 10-year-old and 15-year-old students worldwide. After 3 years of research, the first round of global data collection ended and at the end of 2019 the OECD published the Social and Emotional Ability Assessment International Report. As one of the participating cities, Suzhou, China, successfully completed the first round of testing and released a series of reports. This article summarizes the research work of the OECD and China on social and emotional capabilities of students and discusses a few insights from the data.

Open-Mindedness: Report on the Study of Social and Emotional Skills of Chinese Adolescents (IV)

As one of the five dimensions of social and emotional ability, open-mindedness is derived from the openness factor of the "Big Five Personality", which describes one’s willingness to try and accept novel experiences. People with a high level of open-mindedness are more creative and artistic, while those with low level of openness are more obedient to tradition and pragmatic, but lack of innovation. According to the OECD research framework, open-mindedness includes tolerance, curiosity and creativity. This study is based on data collected from 10-year-old and 15-year-old students in Suzhou city participating in the OECD social and emotional ability assessment. It uses descriptive statistics, difference testing and regression analysis to present the performance of Suzhou students’ open-mindedness. This allows the study to provide reference for the accurate assessment of teenagers' social and emotional abilities, in addition to further developing the quality of education in China. The study presents data results from the following three parts: the first part presents the overall score of open-mindedness, the correlation between open-mindedness and other sub-abilities, and the age difference of open-mindedness (comparison between 10 and 15 years old group), gender difference, urban-rural difference, and the difference between general high and vocational high; the second part presents the factors influencing open-mindedness through regression analysis, including background variables, individual factors, family upbringing, teacher factors, and school factors; the third part presents the effects of tolerance, curiosity and creativity on academic achievement (Chinese, math, art), educational expectation, global consciousness, closeness to family, closeness to others, health, life happiness, life satisfaction, test anxiety and other life outcome variables of 10 and 15 year old students through regression analysis.

The Role of Emotional and Meta-Emotional Intelligence in Pre-adolescents’ Well-Being and Sociometric Status

The study examined the relationships among emotional and meta-emotional intelligence, well-being, and sociometric status in 105 pre-adolescents. Emotional and meta-emotional intelligence were measured using the Intelligenza Emotiva: Abilità, Credenze e Concetto di Sé Meta-Emotivo (IE-ACCME) test (D’Amico, 2013), allowing to measure ability emotional intelligence (EI), emotional self-concept, meta-emotional knowledge, meta-emotional ability in self-evaluation, and meta-emotional beliefs. Meta-emotional dimensions refer to the awareness of individuals about their emotional abilities and to their beliefs about the functioning of emotions in everyday life. Eudemonic well-being and sociometric status were, respectively, measured using the well-known Psychological Well-Being (PWB) scale by Ryff’s (1989) and registering the levels of acceptance/rejection from peers (Moreno, 1960). Results demonstrated that: pre-adolescents’ meta-emotional beliefs are positively associated to eudemonic well-being: pre-adolescents with higher levels of ability EI, meta-emotional knowledge and meta-emotional self-evaluation are more accepted by others while those that overestimate their emotional abilities are more refused by peers. These results evidence that meta-emotional variables may play a crucial role in well-being and sociometric status, encouraging future studies on this issue.

Psychological Empowerment Experiences of Software Professionals in Post Lockdown Information Technology Organisations

Organisations have the responsibility of not only empowering employees, but also, aiding them towards flourishing. Post lockdown (Covid-19) in Indian information technology organisations (ITOs), software professionals who experienced psychological empowerment are more likely to carry out their assignments better as well as having higher levels of trust, loyalty, employer branding and job satisfaction. Empowerment practices are expected to nurture heliotropic experiences among individuals, thus leading to their flourishing. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence in the Indian ITO context. A quantitative approach was adopted, with 200 software professionals participating in the study, aimed at investigating the correlation between psychological empowerment and flourishing. Two valid and reliable structured questionnaires were used to conduct the study using convenience sampling to identify the software professionals and stratified sampling to stratify the ITOs post lockdown (for COVID-19). Descriptive and regression analysis was performed to probe the experience of meaning, competence, self-determination and impact on flourishing. The results indicate that the software professional's experienced both psychological empowerment and flourishing. It also creates an emotional ability to enables intrinsically employees to have positive outcomes. Furthermore, the sub-dimensions self-determination and impact are found to be good predictors of flourishing even during the post-lockdown (Covid-19) period. Implications of how psychological empowerment of software professionals is important to ITO performance and accomplishment of objectives are discussed in detail.

From Believing to Doing: The Association Between Leadership Self-Efficacy and the Developmental Leadership Model

The current study examined the association between leadership self-efficacy and the developmental leadership model. The purpose was to better understand how leadership training transfers to facets of developmental leadership. This was tested in a cross-sectional design with military commanders in the Swedish Armed Forces. The results show that the sub-domain of leader self-control efficacy (the cognitive and emotional ability to remain composure) did not predict developmental leadership, but that leader assertiveness efficacy (the ability to make rational decisions) predicted the two dimensions of the exemplary model, and inspiration and motivation in the developmental leadership model. One possibility is that leader self-control efficacy can be what enables the individual to function within an extreme context, but leader assertiveness efficacy can be what most determines the leadership performance within that context. The possibility for mediatory analyses in further research is discussed.

Supplemental bifid triple viable capsule treatment improves inflammatory response and T cell frequency in ulcerative colitis patients

Background Ulcerative colitis is a common non-specific chronic disease. Supplementing probiotics has become an important method for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This study aimed to explore the effect of supplementing bifid triple viable capsules on background mesalazine plus somatostatin on plasma inflammatory factors and T cell frequency in ulcerative colitis patients. Methods A total of 130 ulcerative colitis patients admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to March 2020 were included and divided into the experimental group (65 patients with mesalazine plus somatostatin and bifid triple viable capsules for treatment) and the control group (65 patients treated with mesalazine plus somatostatin) using the random number table method. Bifid triple viable bacteria capsules were given orally, 420 mg each time, with 3 times a day for 2 months. Results Before treatment, the plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP, TNF-α, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin (ET), CD4+, CD8+, CD4/CD8 ratio, diamine oxidase (DA0), emotional ability, social ability, intestinal and systemic symptoms were not significantly different between the two groups (all P > 0.05). After treatment, the plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP, and TNF-α decreased in both groups, and were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The levels of CD4+ and CD4/CD8 ratio increased, and were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the CD8+ levels were reduced, and were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The plasma D-lactic acid, ET, and DA0 levels were decreased, and were lower in the experimental group than those in the control group; emotional ability, social ability, intestinal and systemic symptoms were improved, and were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During the course of treatment, 2 cases of abdominal discomfort and 1 case of rash occurred in the experimental group, with an adverse event rate of 4.62% (3/65); 3 cases of abdominal discomfort and 2 cases of rash occurred in the control group, with an adverse event rate of 7.69% (5/65). Conclusion The supplementary treatment of bifid triple viable capsules can effectively enhance the curative effect in ulcerative colitis patients, reduce plasma inflammatory factors, and regulate T cell frequency, which is worthy of clinical application.