On the meteorology of the lake district of Cumberland and Westmoreland

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 816-817
Keyword(s):  
Lake District ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Made In

This paper contains the results of meteorological observations made during 1848, similar to those made in the same district in preceding years, which were last year communicated to the Society. On these results, the author remarks that the fall of rain in the lake district, during the year 1848, greatly exceeds the amount in any other year since the register was commenced in 1844; and that there is a similar excess with reference to the number of wet days. The total depth of rain, in 1848, at Seathwaite, the wettest station, was 160·89 inches; and of this quantity, 114·32 inches fell in the six months, February, July, August, October, November and December. In February there fell the unprecedented quantity 30·55 inches. The mountains flanking the lake-district valleys increase in altitude with great regularity towards the head or eastern extremity of the vale, and it appears that it is there that the greatest depth of rain is invariably found. The amount increases rapidly as the stations recede from the sea, and towards the head of the valley the incremental ratio is exceedingly great. At Loweswater, Buttermere and Gatesgarth, about two miles apart in the same line of valley, the depths of rain were respectively 76 inches, 98 inches and 133·5 inches.

II.—The Magnesian Limestone and New Red Sandstone in the Neighbourhood of Nottingham

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
W. T. Aveline
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

Since the Government Geological Survey of the country around Nottingham was made in the year 1859, and the Explanation on the Geological Map Quarter-sheet 71 N.E. was written in 1861, papers by local geologists have been written, stating that in the neighbourhood of Nottingham a perfect conformity existed between the Magnesian Limestone and the New Red Sandstone. This being totally at variance with conclusions I came to when I surveyed that country, I have been for some time past desirous to say a word on the subject, but being deeply occupied with the old rocks of the Lake district, I have put it off from time to time. I felt little doubt in my mind, when surveying the neighbourhood of Nottingham, that there was a considerable break between the Magnesian Limestone and the New Red Sandstone, and this opinion was completely confirmed as I continued my survey northwards through Nottinghamshire into Yorkshire.

The biting habits of some Jamaican Culicoides I. C. barbosai Wirth & Blanton

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Kettle ◽  
J. R. Linley
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Tests Of Significance ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Residual Variances ◽  
Made In

Field studies on the biting habits of Culicoides barbosai Wirth & Blanton were made near Montego Bay, Jamaica, during 1959 and 1960. Females of C. barbosai were collected in sufficient numbers for analysis in. seven experiments, six from Florida beach and one from Beading. Four positions were marked out on each site. Begular meteorological observations were made in the middle of the catching positions. An experiment consisted of four trials held on different days, each trial being composed of four collecting periods of 15 min. separated by 5-min. intervals. In each period four individuals collected, two exposing an arm each and two a leg. Individuals collected in a different position in each period of a trial.Catches were logarithmically transformed for analysis and tests of significance. The experiments were designed to provide correction factors for limbs, positions on Florida beach, and collectors, for use in other experiments. Correction factors are given as logarithms for application to transformed catches.More C. barbosai were collected from arms than legs, and catches in position IV were significantly higher than those in positions I, II and III. Five collectors (C, D, K, L and S) were compared. The ratio between leg/arm catches from D, who collected in only two experiments, was significantly different from those of C, L and S. The differences between the catches of C, K and L were insignificant, but all three caught significantly more than S. The catches from L were smaller after sea bathing and, compared to C and S, L’s catches increased significantly immediately after sunset. For this reason and to avoid inhibiting winds, quantitative studies on females of C. barbosai are best conducted in the early morning (dawn + 40 min.).The experimental errors (residual variances) were homogeneous with probabilities of 0.1 (C. barbosai—7 experiments) and 0.4 (C. furens (Poey)—8 experiments).

scholarly journals Settlements and economy of the Funnel Beaker Culture communities. Archaeological and palynological evidence from the annually laminated lake bottom sediments (Gostynin Lake District, central Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pelisiak ◽  
Małgorzata Rybicka
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture ◽  
Lake Bottom Sediments ◽  
Annually Laminated Lake Sediments ◽  
Made In

Palynological information preserved in pollen diagrams is of key importance for investigating prehistoric human activity. According to M. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, of particular importance for assessing anthropopressure are results of the multidisciplinary research of annually laminated lake sediments carried out in Lake Gościąż and its surroundings in the Gostynin Lake District. In light of the results of human-environment analyses, the environmental disturbances recorded in laminated bottom sediments from Lake Gościąż can be described as reflecting pollen being “an account from afar”. In the analysed case, the pollen fallout may have originated from longer distances, and the recorded transformations of plant assemblages, both with respect to phase 5 and phase 6 from Gościąż, can be attributed to humans inhabiting up to 10 km from Lake Gościąż (e.g. around Lake Białe). On the other hand, the observations made in palynological sites of Białe, Lucieńskie, and Gąsak are well-correlated with the archaeological evidence of human activity. These diagrams reflect nearby activity, as the changes recorded in them correlate distinctly with the intensity of FBC settlement.

scholarly journals On the depth of rain which falls in the same localities at different altitudes in the hilly districts of lancashire, cheshire, &c., by S. C. Homersham, C. E

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 794-794
Keyword(s):  
High Mountains ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Different Altitudes

The author, after alluding to the discordance between the conclusions at which he had arrived from a discussion of his meteorological observations in the lake district of Cumberland and West-moreland, described in a former paper, and those drawn from the same facts by Mr. Homersham, in a paper read before the Society on the 25th of May last, states that the results for the year 1848 show a precisely similar gradation to those of the two preceding years; and that the whole of the observations appear to warrant the conclusion which he had ventured to draw from those detailed in his former paper. He remarks that, as the rain-gauges are, with one exception, situated on the high mountains surrounding the head of the Vale of Wastdale, this valley is the only one which can fairly be selected as a standard in comparing the quantities of rain obtained at the different mountain stations. The discordance between his conclusions and those arrived at by Mr. Homersham, he considers, has arisen from that gentleman having selected the distant and excessively wet locality of Seathwaite at the head of the southern fork of Borrowdale, as a representative of the quantity of water deposited in the valleys generally.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document