scholarly journals An investigation of a case of gradual chemical change: the interaction of hydrogen chloride and chlorate in presence of potassium iodide

1889 ◽  
Vol 45 (273-279) ◽  
pp. 396-423 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Chemical Change

The work which we now have the honour of laying before the Royal Society was undertaken at the suggestion of Mr. A. Vernon Harcourt. To him we owe more than we can express, and we desire here to thank him most heartily for his most valuable aid and cooperation, by which many rough places in the investigation have been made smooth.

XXIV.—On the Temperature Coefficient of Concentration Cells, in which the same salt is dissolved in two different solvents

1912 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 375-396
Author(s):  
A. P. Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Concentration Cell ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Concentration Cells

In a paper read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxviii., part v., p. 382 (1908); Zeit. phys. Chem., lxiv. 5) I described a new type of concentration cell, in which the one platinum electrode was surrounded by a solution of ·025 molecules of KI containing ·001 molecules of iodine dissolved in absolute alcohol, and the other electrode was surrounded by ·025 molecules of KI and ·001 molecules of iodine, dissolved in water. This cell developed a considerable E.M.F. of ·198 volts at 25° C. in the direction which would transfer the iodine from water to alcohol and potassium iodide from alcohol to water.

scholarly journals XXII. Bakerian lecture.—On the laws connexion between the conditions of a chemical change and its amount.—III. Further researches on the reaction of hydrogen dioxide and hydrogen iodide

1895 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 817-895 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Hydrogen Iodide

Nearly thirty years ago we laid before the Royal Society the results of our inquiries into two cases of gradual chemical change, viz.: (1) the reaction of hydrogen permanganate and hydrogen oxalate, and (2) the reaction of hydrogen dioxide and hydrogen iodide. We have continued at intervals our investigation into the latter reaction, and have obtained some further results, which we desire now to communicate to the Royal Society.

On the refractive indices and densities of normal and semi-normal aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride and the chlorides of the alkalis

1899 ◽  
Vol 64 (402-411) ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures

A very large number of observations have been made of the refractive indices and densities of aqueous solutions of inorganic salts and acids: in England, more especially, by Dr. J. H. Gladstone, who in a paper in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for 1870, gave the values he had obtained for the refractive indices and densities of some 160 salts and acids; and in a series of papers published subsequently in the 'Journal of the Chemical Society,’ has given the results of further observations. Most, however, of these determinations have been made with solutions of different strengths, and at different temperatures, and, therefore, I venture to bring before the Royal Society an account of some observations I have made of the refractive indices and densities of normal and semi-normal aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride, and the chlorides of the alkalis at a uniform temperature of 18°.

RÉACTIONS AVEC LE DIFLUOROAMINO-PENTAFLUOROSULFURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2744-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean L. Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Cyanogen Bromide ◽  
Ethyl Bromide ◽  
Quantitative Yield ◽  
Autogenous Pressure ◽  
Water Hydrogen ◽  
Ethyl Nitrite

Difluoroamino-sulphur pentafluoride was prepared in quantitative yield by heating tetrafluorohydrazine and disulphur decafluoride at 150° for a period of 12 h under autogenous pressure conditions. The reactions of the product with potassium iodide, oxygen, water, hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide, acetone, ethyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl nitrite, cyanogen bromide, and acetonitrile are reported.

scholarly journals VI. On the variation with temperature of the rate of a chemical change

1913 ◽  
Vol 212 (484-496) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Geometric Progression ◽  
The Way

In a study of the laws of connexion between the conditions of a chemical change and its amount, whose results have been communicated at intervals to the Royal Society, one of the conditions varied was the temperature of the solution in which the change took place. On considering the numerical results, our first observation was that the increase of rate due to increase of temperature could be nearly represented for equal increments of temperature by a geometric progression. The rate was approximately doubled by each rise of ten degrees in the temperature of the solution. But the ratio of the series gradually diminished as the temperature rose, and a formula had to be found giving a series of this kind. For the way in which such a formula was found, see ‘Phil. Trans.,’ Series A, vol. 186, pp. 855-866.

On the action of the rays of the solar spectrum on vegetable colours

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 393-394
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Equal Degree ◽  
Viola Tricolor ◽  
Degree Of Condensation ◽  
The One

The author, having prosecuted the inquiry, the first steps of which he communicated in a paper read to the Royal Society in February 1840, relating to the effects of the solar spectrum on the colouring matter of the Viola tricolor , and on the resin of guaiacum, relates, in the present paper, the results of an extensive series of similar experiments, both on those substances, and also on a great number of vegetable colours, derived from the petals of flowers, and the leaves of various plants. In the case of the destruction of colour of the preparations of guaiacum, which takes place by the action of heat, as well as by the more refrangible rays of light, he ascertained that although the non-luminous thermic rays produce an effect, in as far as they communicate heat, they are yet incapable of effecting that peculiar chemical change which other rays, much less copiously endowed with heating power, produce in the same experiment. He also found that the discoloration produced by the less refrangible rays is much accelerated by the application of artificial terrestrial heat, whether communicated by conduction or by radiation; while, on the other hand, it is in no degree promoted by the purely thermic rays beyond the spectrum, acting under precisely similar circumstances, and in an equal degree of condensation. The author proceeds to describe, in great detail, the photographic effects produced on papers coloured by various vegetable juices, and afterwards washed with solutions of particular salts; and gives a minute account of the manipulations he employed for the purpose of imparting to paper the greatest degree of sensitiveness to the action of solar light. This action he found to be exceedingly various, both as regards its total intensity and the distribution of the active rays over the spectrum. He observed, however, that the following peculiarities obtain almost universally in the species of action exerted. First, the action is positive ; that is to say, light destroys colour, either totally, or leaving a residual tint, on which it has no further, or a very much slower action; thus effecting a sort of chromatic analysis, in which two distinct elements of colour are separated, by destroying the one and leaving the other outstanding. The older the paper, or the tincture with which it is stained, the greater is the amount of this residual tint.

scholarly journals III. An investigation of a case of gradual chemical change

1889 ◽  
Vol 45 (273-279) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Potassium Chlorate ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Unstable Solutions

The case of gradual chemical change with which the present investigation deals is that between hydrogen chloride and potassium chlorate, and also its reaction with hydrogen chlorate whether alone or in presence of potassium chloride. When dilute solutions of a chlorate (as for instance potassium chlorate) and hydrogen chloride are mixed together, the liquid slowly acquires a chlorous smell, and there is a gradual liberation of oxidising material, chlorine, and oxides of chlorine. These immediate products cannot easily be investigated, for if the mixture is left to itself so that they accumulate in it, the gradual reaction first observed is stopped, and there ensues decomposition of the usual complex nature of these unstable solutions of chlorine and its oxygenated compounds.

scholarly journals New experiments upon the combustion of well-dried carbon monoxide and oxygen mixtures.—Part I

1926 ◽  
Vol 110 (756) ◽  
pp. 615-633 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Ultra Violet Light ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Phosphoric Anhydride

In the year 1880, H. B. Dixon (in repeating Bunsen’s experiments on the division of oxygen between carbon monoxide and hydrogen, when both are present in excess) discovered that a mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen, dried by long contact with phosphoric anhydride, would not explode when sparked in the usual way in a eudiometer over mercury, although the presence of a trace either of moisture or of any gas containing hydrogen at once rendered the mixture explosive.* In 1883, H. B. Baker, working in Dixon’s laboratory at Balliol College, Oxford, found that purified charcoal, when heated to redness in carefully dried oxygen, burned with extreme slowness and without flame, yielding principally the monoxide, the proportion of the dioxide formed varying inversely with the degree of dryness of the system. He also proved that highly purified sulphur or phosphorus may be repeatedly distilled in an apparatus filled with carefully dried oxygen, without any combustion occurring, although the admission of a mere trace of moisture immediately caused a vivid burning. In subsequent years Baker proved that a large number of gaseous inter­actions are at least greatly assisted, if they are not actually conditioned, by the presence of moisture. Thus, (1) a mixture of hydrogen and chlorine, well dried by long contact with phosphoric anhydride, does not explode on exposure to sunlight as does an undried one ; (2) ammonia and hydrogen chloride, when similarly dried, do not combine when mixed in the cold ; whilst (3) thoroughly dried electrolytic gas, free from hydrocarbon impurity, may be heated to redness, or exposed to ultra-violet light, without any measurable formation of water occurring. Such experiments undoubtedly proved that the removal of moisture from certain gaseous systems increases in an extra­ordinary degree their resistance to chemical change, although they can hardly be said to have proved, as is sometimes supposed, that the presence of moisture is absolutely essential to chemical change in such cases.

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