Chromosomes Behavior at Meiosis in Chlorophytum stenopetalum Bak at Pachytene, Diakinesis and Diplotene

Meiotic prophase is classically subdivided into five stages: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the behaviours of Chromosomes in Chlorophytum stenopetalum Bak.at pachytene /diakinesis and metaphase. The flower buds at right age were harvested, fixed in Cornoy’s solution (3 part of absolute alcohol and 1 part of acetic alcohol) and preserved in a refrigerator at -4°𝐶 for at least thirty minutes. The flower buds were then hydrolyzed in 10% HCl for 3-5 minutes. Prepared slides were viewed using an Armscope microscope equipped with digital automatic camera. At diakinesis seven bivalents (7 II) were predominantly observed (74.2%). Chromosomal stickiness is quite evidence. In addition, cross configuration and its resultant, ring formation at metaphase indicate the presence of translocation heterozgosity in the chromosomes of the species investigated. These abnormalities are likely to affect microsporogenesis and pollen viability.

On the question of parenteral treatment of "acute and chronic urticaria"

In this brief and incomplete communication, I feel it necessary to share the very satisfactory results I have obtained in the treatment of urticaria by injecting a combination of two substances: absolute alcohol and ichthyol.

Study of triclabendazole effects on Fasciola hepatica’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host

The purpose of the research is to study triclabendazole effects on the Fasciola’s life-supporting organs, spines and suckers which are responsible for stable position of the parasite in the host.Materials and methods. The study material was trematodes Fasciola hepatica (Linneus 1758, family Fasciolidae Railliet 1895), which were collected after the action of triclabendazole (fasinex) (chemically 5-chloro-6-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methylthiobenzimidazole)on the 7th day after the drug administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg for the Active Substance in the treatment of ovine fasciolosis. F. hepatica from untreated animals served as control. Mature F. hepatica collected after treatment with triclabendazole, and marita from the control groups were dehydrated in ascending alcohol series for 1–2 days after fixation; then passed through a mixture of chloroform and absolute alcohol (in a ratio of 1:1), and through pure chloroform in two portions for 10–15 minutes. The material was then soaked in a mushy mixture of chloroform and paraffin in a thermostat at 37 °C for 12–18 hours, and in paraffin in a thermostat at 56 °C for 30–45 minutes; and then embedded in paraffin with added wax. The resulting paraffin blocks were broken down into serial sections of 5–7 μm thick, then stained and examined under a light microscope.Results and discussion. Pathomicromorphological analysis of F. hepatica’s spines and suckers, organs that come into adhesive contact with the host organism revealed destructive changes in them after the action of triclabendazole. After the action of triclabendazole on fascioles, the spines look enlarged and swollen, and have a more rounded shape and some changes in color, absorbing eosin in greater concentration. The muscle fibers of the fascioles’ oral and abdominal suckers also look swollen after the action of triclabendazole. Although the musculature of the F. hepatica’s pharynx retained its structure, it has changes. It thickened sharply, which is clearly visible on the transverse and longitudinal sections of the helminths; neurosecretory cells are destroyed, and voids are observed in their place.

Gamma (γ)-mangostin attenuated gastric ulcers induced by absolute alcohol in rats: Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical investigation

Garcinia mangostana L. (Clusiaceae) principally contains gamma (γ)-mangostin, a xanthone that exhibits a wide spectrum of bioactivities. The current study was aimed to establish the gastroprotective effect of this compound in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in rats. Experimental Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 30) were arbitrarily alienated into 5 groups (n = 6): negative control (10% Tween 20), ulcer control (10% Tween 20 + 5ml/kg absolute alcohol), reference control (5ml/kg absolute alcohol + 20mg/kg omeprazole), and two experimental groups (5ml/kg absolute alcohol + 10mg/kg γ-mangostin and 5ml/kg absolute alcohol + 20mg/kg γ-mangostin). After successful oral feeding, all rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. Gastro-histology highlighted severe injuries to the gastric mucosa with decrease in gastric mucosal content and gastric juice pH in ulcer control group. γ-mangostin (10 mg/kg & 20 mg/kg) showed strong gastroprotective effect by enhancing gastric mucosal content and gastric juice pH compared to the ulcer group, comparable to the omeprazole. Immuno-histochemical analysis revealed that γ-mangostin found to upregulate mucosal Hsp70 protein, and down-regulate Bax proteins. The biochemical analysis of mucosal tissue homogenate showed significant antioxidant activity with increase in SOD and CAT activities, whereas MDA was significantly decreased at p < 0.001. The histological, immuno-histochemical and biochemical analysis evidenced gastroprotective effects of γ-mangostin that are attributed to its potential to inhibit alcohol induced oxidative stress. Specifically, γ-mangostin improved histology of mucosal content and enhanced anti-oxidative enzymes (SOD & CAT) with decreasing lipid peroxidation (MDA). Furthermore dose dependent administration of γ-mangostin down-regulated expression of Bax protein and up-regulated HSP70.

Ethnoveterinary plants used by Mising, Tai-Aiton and Santhal community residing nearby Nambor-Doigrung Wildlife Sanctuary of Golaghat, Assam, India

An ethnoveterinary survey was carried out to document the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in treating domestic animals by three ethnic tribes viz. Mising, Tai-Aiton and Santhal. This paper en-lighten the various processes that are being applied by each community to cure their domestic pets. Interview of informants was conducted using a model questionnaire (Parabia and Reddy, 2002). Specimens were prepared by following standard methodology (Jain & Rao, 1977; and Bridson & Forman, 1998). Plants were poisoned in saturated solution of Mercuric chloride dissolved in absolute alcohol (25g in 1000ml Ethyl alcohol) and then mounted in standard herbarium sheets (41 x 28cm). The identification of plants was done by following a number of floristic literatures. A total of 17 plant species were collected and are cited with their Botanical name, Family, Local name, Tribes, Parts used, Diseases, & Mode of preparation and application. Plants with additional new report to ethnoveterinary by the respective tribes are also indicated. This shows a great potential for research as well as discovery of newer drugs. Phytochemical screening of the plants shall further help in denoting the medicinal properties which will validate the traditional knowledge of the tribal communities. The resourceful knowledge of indigenous plants may be lost forever if not properly documented.

Modification of a haematoxylin, eosin, and natural saffron staining method for the detection of connective tissue

Introduction The aim of our study was to optimise an existing staining procedure: haematoxylin-eosin saffron (HES). The method follows the classical haematoxylin and eosin protocol with the addition of a staining step using natural saffron to better identify the collagen fibres. Material and Methods The saffron solution was obtained by dissolving ground saffron stigmas in absolute alcohol. In order to test the HES method for its staining ability on four main types of collagen (I, II, III, and IV), specific tissues (skin, tooth, cartilage, aorta, spleen, and penis) were chosen. Results The procedure showed a sharp differentiation between muscle, stained red or pink, and connective tissue, stained bright yellow or orange. Conclusion HES allows the diagnosis of reticulin fibrosis undetected in HE and in previous saffron staining procedures. HES represents an advantageous alternative to HE staining giving highly reproducible results with high diagnostic value.

Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl/Oxadiazolyl/Thiadiazolyl-Piperazine as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents

Reaction of piperazine with chloroacetylchloride in dry acetone yield compound 1 , which on reaction with hydrazine hydrate yielded compound 2, which was further reacted with various substituted phenylisothiocyanates in absolute alcohol to afford compounds 3–8 i. e. 2-(carbazolylacetyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)-hydrazinepiperazinothioamides. Compounds 3–8 on reaction with aqueous NaOH, ethanolic NaOH and conc. H2SO4 afford triazoles 9–14, oxadiazoles 15–20 and thiadiazoles 21–26 respectively. Twenty four newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and acute toxicity. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of analytical and spectral data.

Occurrence of the louse fly Ornithoctona erythrocephala Leach (1817) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) on a free-living red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata)

The aim of this study was to report, for the first time, the occurrence of the hippoboscid fly Ornithoctona erythrocephala on a red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata). A Diptera specimen was found among the feathers of a free-living red-legged seriema, which was referred to necropsy at the Wild Animal Pathology Service, UNESP Jaboticabal. The fly was collected, stored in absolute alcohol, and shipped to the Institute of Biosciences of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul for proper identification. Based on morphological characters, the specimen was identified as a female of Ornithoctona erythrocephala. This study provides a report on a new host for O. erythrocephala.

Evaluation of changes in alcohol consumption: evidence from Russia

PurposeThe paper investigates changes in consumption of pure alcohol, vodka, beer, wine and fortified wine by neighboring age classes of Russians.Design/methodology/approachData source is the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – HSE from 2000 to 2017. Age groups are those born in 1934 and older, in 1935–1944 and further with a 10-years interval till the group of 1985 and younger. The amount of consumed alcohol is estimated with Heckman model. LR-test is used to determine the similarity of alcohol consumption behavior of age groups. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition presents the difference in the average level of alcohol consumption among two neighboring age classes with the explained and unexplained parts.FindingsMale and female respondents from the group (1985+) drink significantly less absolute alcohol than the previous age class born in 1975–1984. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition shows that an increase in absolute alcohol consumption for women and a decrease in absolute alcohol consumption for men come from the unexplained difference of consumption volumes. Policy measures should be targeted on the prevention of excessive alcohol consumption among Russian women since they demonstrate an increase in the consumption of vodka, beer and fortified wine from one generation to another.Originality/valueFor the first time, the paper presents decomposition of changes in alcohol consumption volumes for neighboring age groups of Russians. The change in consumption volumes might be due to the change of objective characteristics of individuals and unobservable factors like the influence of advertising, government policy and the entry of new alcohol producers into the market.