scholarly journals Electronic hardware design of electrical capacitance tomography systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2070) ◽  
pp. 20150331 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Saied ◽  
M. Meribout
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Front End ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Electrical tomography techniques for process imaging are very prominent for industrial applications, such as the oil and gas industry and chemical refineries, owing to their ability to provide the flow regime of a flowing fluid within a relatively high throughput. Among the various techniques, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is gaining popularity due to its non-invasive nature and its capability to differentiate between different phases based on their permittivity distribution. In recent years, several hardware designs have been provided for ECT systems that have improved its resolution of measurements to be around attofarads (aF, 10 −18  F), or the number of channels, that is required to be large for some applications that require a significant amount of data. In terms of image acquisition time, some recent systems could achieve a throughput of a few hundred frames per second, while data processing time could be achieved in only a few milliseconds per frame. This paper outlines the concept and main features of the most recent front-end and back-end electronic circuits dedicated for ECT systems. In this paper, multiple-excitation capacitance polling, a front-end electronic technique, shows promising results for ECT systems to acquire fast data acquisition speeds. A highly parallel field-programmable gate array (FPGA) based architecture for a fast reconstruction algorithm is also described. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Supersensing through industrial process tomography’.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Multilayer Sensor Structure for Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kowalska ◽  
Robert Banasiak ◽  
Andrzej Romanowski ◽  
Dominik Sankowski
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Industrial Test ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Internal Measurement ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Presently, Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is positioned as a relatively mature and inexpensive tool for the diagnosis of non-conductive industrial processes. For most industrial applications, a hand-made approach for an ECT sensor and its 3D extended structure fabrication is used. Moreover, a hand-made procedure is often inaccurate, complicated, and time-consuming. Another drawback is that a hand-made ECT sensor’s geometrical parameters, mounting base profile thickness, and electrode array shape usually depends on the structure of industrial test objects, tanks, and containers available on the market. Most of the traditionally fabricated capacitance tomography sensors offer external measurements only with electrodes localized outside of the test object. Although internal measurement is possible, it is often difficult to implement. This leads to limited in-depth scanning abilities and poor sensitivity distribution of traditionally fabricated ECT sensors. In this work we propose, demonstrate, and validate experimentally a new 3D ECT sensor fabrication process. The proposed solution uses a computational workflow that incorporates both 3D computer modeling and 3D-printing techniques. Such a 3D-printed structure can be of any shape, and the electrode layout can be easily fitted to a broad range of industrial applications. A developed solution offers an internal measurement due to negligible thickness of sensor mount base profile. This paper analyses and compares measurement capabilities of a traditionally fabricated 3D ECT sensor with novel 3D-printed design. The authors compared two types of the 3D ECT sensors using experimental capacitance measurements for a set of low-contrast and high-contrast permittivity distribution phantoms. The comparison demonstrates advantages and benefits of using the new 3D-printed spatial capacitance sensor regarding the significant fabrication time reduction as well as the improvement of overall measurement accuracy and stability.

scholarly journals Multiphase permittivity imaging using absolute value electrical capacitance tomography data and a level set algorithm

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2070) ◽  
pp. 20150332 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Al Hosani ◽  
M. Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Multiphase flow imaging is a very challenging and critical topic in industrial process tomography. In this article, simulation and experimental results of reconstructing the permittivity profile of multiphase material from data collected in electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) are presented. A multiphase narrowband level set algorithm is developed to reconstruct the interfaces between three- or four-phase permittivity values. The level set algorithm is capable of imaging multiphase permittivity by using one set of ECT measurement data, so-called absolute value ECT reconstruction, and this is tested with high-contrast and low-contrast multiphase data. Simulation and experimental results showed the superiority of this algorithm over classical pixel-based image reconstruction methods. The multiphase level set algorithm and absolute ECT reconstruction are presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in this paper and critically evaluated. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Supersensing through industrial process tomography’.

Principles and Industrial Applications of Electrical Capacitance Tomography

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Beck ◽  
M Byars ◽  
T Dyakowski ◽  
R Waterfall ◽  
R He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

scholarly journals Multi-GPU, Multi-Node Algorithms for Acceleration of Image Reconstruction in 3D Electrical Capacitance Tomography in Heterogeneous Distributed System

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Majchrowicz ◽  
Paweł Kapusta ◽  
Lidia Jackowska-Strumiłło ◽  
Robert Banasiak ◽  
Dominik Sankowski
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Distributed System ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Distributed Measurement ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is one of non-invasive visualization techniques which can be used for industrial process monitoring. However, acquiring images trough 3D ECT often requires performing time consuming complex computations on large size matrices. Therefore, a new parallel approach for 3D ECT image reconstruction is proposed, which is based on application of multi-GPU, multi-node algorithms in heterogeneous distributed system. This solution allows to speed up the required data processing. Distributed measurement system with a new framework for parallel computing and a special plugin dedicated to ECT are presented in the paper. Computing system architecture and its main features are described. Both data distribution as well as transmission between the computing nodes are discussed. System performance was measured using LBP and the Landweber’s reconstruction algorithms which were implemented as a part of the ECT plugin. Application of the framework with a new network communication layer reduced data transfer times significantly and improved the overall system efficiency.

ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL AND ELECTRICAL FIELD DISTRIBUTION OF SQUARE ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Din ◽  
Leow Pei Ling ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nur Adila Mohd Razali ◽  
Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) system helps user to understand the flow distribution inside the close pipe by detecting the variation of permittivity distribution in the inspection area. Generally, most reported ECT systems are implemented to circular shape pipe only. However, square shape pipes are sometimes found in power industry and chemical reactor, therefore this paper is studying the electrical distribution of ECT system within a square pipe. ECT is able to provide fast response, low cost and non-radiation system but similar to all other electrical tomography system, ECT suffers from soft-field effect. This paper proposes segmentation excitation to overcome this problem. Segmentation excitation applies when more than one electrode excited at one time. This paper focuses Protocol 2 or 2-electrode excitation for 8-electrode square ECT system. The simulation was done by using COMSOL Multiphysics.  The images of the excitations are presented in this paper. The electrical potential is recorded at the center of the system to analyses the strength of the electrical potential. In addition for square ECT system, the corner configuration provides 3.40% higher electrical potential compared to side excitation configuration.

DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY SENSOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Masturah ◽  
MHF Rahiman ◽  
Zulkarnay Zakaria ◽  
AR Rahim ◽  
NM Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Fluid Imaging

This paper discussed the design–functionality and application of Flexible Electrical Capacitance Tomography sensor (FlexiECT). The sensors consist of 12 electrodes allocated surrounding the outer layer of the pipeline. The sensor is designed in such that the flexibility features suit the applications in the pipeline of multiple size. This paper also discussed the preliminary result of FlexiECT applications in fluid imaging by identifying the percentage of two mixing fluids.

Dynamic water fill level measurement using a phantom-dependent adaptive electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) method

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kandlbinder-Paret ◽  
Alice Fischerauer ◽  
Gerhard Fischerauer
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Capacitance Measurements ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Fill Level ◽  
Capacitance Tomography ◽  
Low Permittivity ◽  
Adaptation Scheme

Abstract In electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), the resolution of the reconstructed permittivity distribution improves with the number of electrodes used whereas the number of capacitance measurements and the measurement time increases with the number of electrodes. To cope with this tradeoff, we present a phantom-dependent adaptation scheme in which coarse measurements are performed with terminal electrodes interconnected to form a synthetic electrode ring with fewer but larger electrodes. The concept was tested by observing the sloshing of water inside a pipe. We compare the reconstructed results based on eight synthetic electrodes, on 16 elementary electrodes, and on the adaptation scheme involving both the eight synthetic electrodes and some of the elementary capacitances. The reconstruction used the projected Landweber algorithm for capacitances determined by a finite-element simulation and for measured capacitances. The results contain artefacts attributed to the influence of the high permittivity of water compared to the low permittivity of the pipe wall. The adaptation scheme leads to nearly the same information as a full measurement of all 120 elementary capacitances but only requires the measurement of 30 % fewer capacitances. By detecting the fill level using a tomometric method, it can be determined within an uncertainty of 5 % FS.

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