XXII. Account of some remarkable caves in the Principality of Bayreuth, and of the fossil bones found therein. Extracted from a paper sent, with specimens of the bones, as a present to the Royal Society, by his most Serene Highness the Margrave of Anspach, &c

1794 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 402-406
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

A ridge of primeval mountains runs almost through Germany, in a direction nearly from west to east; the Hartz, the mountains of Thuringia, the Fichtelberg in Franconia, are different parts of it, which in their farther extent constitute the Riesenberg, and join the Carpathian mountains; the highest parts of this ridge are granite, and are flanked by alluvial and stratified mountains, consisting chiefly of limestone, marl, and sandstone; such at least is the tract of hills in which the caves to bé spoken of are situated, and over these hills the main road leads from Bayreuth to Erlang, or Nurenberg. Half way to this town lies Streitberg, where there is a post, and but three or four English miles distant from thence are the caves mentioned, near Gailenreuth and Klausstein, two small villages, insignificant in themselves, but become famous for the discoveries made in their neighbourhood. The tract of hills is there broken off by many small and narrow vallies, confined mostly by steep and high rocks, here and there overhanging, and threatening, as it were, to fall and crush all beneath; and every where thereabouts are to be met with objects, which suggest the idea of their being evident vestiges of some general and mighty catastrophe which happened in the primeval times of the globe.

scholarly journals I.—Account of some Experiments made in Different Parts of Europe, on Terrestrial Magnetic Intensity, particularly with reference to the Effect of Height

1839 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Magnetic Intensity ◽  
Magnetic Needle ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

1. The Council of the Royal Society of Edinburgh having, on my application in 1832, entrusted me with Hansteen's Magnetic Intensity Apparatus, in their possession, I feel it to be my duty to communicate to the Society the results then and subsequently obtained with it.2. The instrument consists of a mahogany box 5 inches long, 4 broad, and 2 deep, with sides and top of glass, having also a wooden tube, screwing into the top, for containing a silk-worm's fibre about 5 inches long, by which the magnetic needle is suspended so as to place itself horizontally, and after being caused to deviate from its point of rest, the time of any given number of oscillations in a horizontal plane is measured,—whilst a graduated circle in the bottom of the box indicates its arc of vibration.

Preliminary report on the pathology of Cholera Asiatica (as observed in Spain, 1885)

1887 ◽  
Vol 41 (246-250) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

The differences of opinion among pathologists as to the relation of certain micro-organisms,—and more especially of a curved bacillus described by Koch—to Cholera Asiatica, led to our being deputed last summer, by the Association for the Promotion of Research in Medicine, acting in conjunction with the Royal Society and University of Cambridge, to proceed to Spain to make further investigations on the subject. In Madrid we were able to make autopsies on twenty-five typical cases of cholera, the post-mortem examinations being made in many of them either immediately after death or w ithin very few hours of it. Our attention was at first directed chiefly to the relation of the comma bacillus of Koch to Cholera Asiatica. Early in our inquiries we were struck by the fact th at Koch’s comma bacillus is not discoverable in the intestinal contents of all cases of cholera. W e employed much time and care in the examination of thin dried films of the mucous flakes and fluid contained in the intestine, these films being stained by methods which we knew to be well fitted to show the comma bacillus if that micro-organism were present. Such films from one or two fatal cholera cases showed that the intestinal contents contained enormously larger numbers of comma bacilli than of other parasites. In some of the cases the comma bacillus, though certainly present, was not the most marked feature in the preparation, and in certain of these cases we were only able to find these bacilli after prolonged and careful searching. In many cases of undoubted Cholera Asiatica where death occurred before the reaction stage had set in, we were unable to detect comma bacilli in any of the films or cultures prepared from the intestinal contents taken from different parts of the alimentary canal.

XII. The Bakerian Lecture.—Colour photometry

1886 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 423-456 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Photographic Camera ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

We think it may possibly be of some interest to the Royal Society if we lay before them the account of the method which we have used, and the results of some experiments which we have made, in measuring the relative illuminating intensities of different parts of the spectrum, as seen by ourselves and by others, and those of different parts of spectra produced under varying circumstances, more particularly as these results have considerable bearing on practical photometry. In the Phil. Mag. (ser. 5, vol. 20 (1885), p. 172), one of us described a method which he had previously demonstrated to the Physical Society of forming patches of monochromatic light upon a white screen, and alluded to the possibility of adapting it to researches on colour. The method, briefly described, is to pass light through a spectroscope, using a photographic camera in place of the observing telescope, then to isolate different portions of the spectrum and make them fall in a patch on a white screen by means of a lens as shown in fig. 1. Any variations in the apparatus are described further on.

Cuckoo chicks evicting their nest mates: coincidental observations by Edward Jenner in England and Antoine Joseph Lottinger in France

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer G. Sealy ◽  
Mélanie F. Guigueno
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Cuckoo Chick ◽  
The Common ◽  
Made In ◽  
Royal Society Of London

For centuries, naturalists were aware that soon after hatching the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) chick became the sole occupant of the fosterer's nest. Most naturalists thought the adult cuckoo returned to the nest and removed or ate the fosterer's eggs and young, or the cuckoo chick crowded its nest mates out of the nest. Edward Jenner published the first description of cuckoo chicks evicting eggs and young over the side of the nest. Jenner's observations, made in England in 1786 and 1787, were published by the Royal Society of London in 1788. Four years before Jenner's observations, in 1782, Antoine Joseph Lottinger recorded eviction behaviour in France and published his observations in Histoire du coucou d'Europe, in 1795. The importance of Lottinger's and Jenner's observations is considered together.

scholarly journals I. Notices of some conclusions derived from the photographic records of the Kew declinometer, in the years 1858,1859, 1860, and 1861

1862 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 585-590
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In ◽  
Photographic Records

The discussion of the magnetic observations which have been made in different parts of the globe may now be considered to have established the three following important conclusions in regard to the magnetic disturbances: viz., 1. That these phenomena, whether of the declination, inclination, or total force, are subject in their mean effects to periodical laws, which determine their relative frequency and amount at different hours of the day and night. 2. That the disturbances which occasion westerly and those which occasion easterly deflections of the compass-needle, those which increase and those which decrease the inclination, and those which increase and those which decrease the magnetic force have all distinct and generally different periodical laws.

scholarly journals On the observation of sun and stars made in some British stone circles

1908 ◽  
Vol 80 (538) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Class ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Stone Monuments ◽  
Made In

In previous communications to the Royal Society, I have shown that if we consider the sun’s declination at the quarter-days of the May year and at the solstices, and also the changes due to precession in the places of five or six of the more conspicuous stars visible, at any epoch, in these latitudes we are able to account for the alignments investigated in the stone monuments in Cornwall and Devon. The present paper deals with a special class of circles in Aberdeenshire in which the method of indicating alignments shows a striking difference. The Cornish method was that still set out in the instructions for the erection of the Gorsedd circle of the Welsh Eisteddfod, the sighting, or directing, stones were placed some distance outside the circle. In Aberdeenshire the method employed was to place a long, recumbent stone generally between two of the upright stones of the circle itself and to obtain the direction of the rising sun or star by sighting across the circle at right angles to the length of the recumbent stone.

XXIII. On the water-barometer erected in the hall of the Royal Society

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 539-574 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
French Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

I have for some time entertained an opinion, in common with some others who have turned their attention tot he subject, that a good series of observations with a Water-Barometer, accurately constructed, might throw some light upon several important points of physical science: amongst others, upon the tides of the atmosphere; the horary oscillations of the counterpoising column; the ascending and descending rate of its greater oscillations; and the tension of vapour at different atmospheric temperatures. I have sought in vain in various scientific works, and in the Transactions of Philosophical Societies, for the record of any such observations, or for a description of an instrument calculated to afford the required information with anything approaching to precision. In the first volume of the History of the French Academy of Sciences, a cursory reference is made, in the following words, to some experiments of M. Mariotte upon the subject, of which no particulars appear to have been preserved. “Le même M. Mariotte fit aussi à l’observatoire des experiences sur le baromètre ordinaire à mercure comparé au baromètre à eau. Dans l’un le mercure s’eléva à 28 polices, et dans Fautre l’eau fut a 31 pieds Cequi donne le rapport du mercure à l’eau de 13½ à 1.” Histoire de I'Acadérmie, tom. i. p. 234. It also appears that Otto Guricke constructed a philosophical toy for the amusement of himself and friends, upon the principle of the water-barometer; but the column of water probably in this, as in all the other instances which I have met with, was raised by the imperfect rarefaction of the air in the tube above it, or by filling with water a metallic tube, of sufficient length, cemented to a glass one at its upper extremity, and fitted with a stop-cock at each end; so that when full the upper one might be closed and the lower opened, when the water would fall till it afforded an equipoise to the pressure of the atmo­sphere. The imperfections of such an instrument, it is quite clear, would render it totally unfit for the delicate investigations required in the present state of science; as, to render the observations of any value, it is absolutely necessary that the water should be thoroughly purged of air, by boiling, and its insinuation or reabsorption effectually guarded against. I was convinced that the only chance of securing these two necessary ends, was to form the whole length of tube of one piece of glass, and to boil the water in it, as is done with mercury in the common barometer. The practical difficulties which opposed themselves to such a construction long appeared to me insurmount­able; but I at length contrived a plan for the purpose, which, having been honoured with the approval of the late Meteorological Committee of this Society, was ordered to be carried into execution by the President and Council.

scholarly journals XXXIV. On the transit of Venus in 1769. To the Right Honourable The Earl of Morton, President to the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society, this discourse is, with all humility, inscribed, by their humble servant, Thomas Hornsby

1765 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

The observations of the late transit of Venus, though made with all possible care and accuracy, have not enabled us to determine with certainty the real quantity of the sun's parallax; since, by a comparison of the observations made in several parts of the globe, the sun's parallax is not less than 8" 1/2, nor does it seem to exceed 10". From the labours of those gentlemen, who have attempted to deduce this quantity from the theory of gravity, it should seem that the earth performs its annual revolution round the sun at a greater distance than is generally imagined: since Mr. Professor Stewart has determined the sun's parallax to be only 6', 9, and Mr. Mayer, the late celebrated Professor at Gottingen, who hath brought the lunar tables to a degree of perfection almost unexpected, is of opinion that it cannot exceed 8".

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