VI. An account of the preliminary experiments and ultimate construction of a refracting telescope of 7.8 inches aperture, with a fluid concave lens. In a letter addressed to Davies Gilbert, Esq. President of the Royal Society. By Peter Barlow, Esq. F. R. S. &c

1829 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Double Stars ◽  
Concave Lens ◽  
The Subject

I have great pleasure in forwarding to you the following account of the continuation of my experiments on the construction of refracting telescopes with fluid lenses; and after the interest you have taken in the experiments, and the recommendation you were pleased to give on the subject to the Board of Longitude, through whose aid I have been enabled to pursue them, I cannot but flatter myself that it will be satisfactory to you to submit this communication to the Royal Society, who have done me the honour of publishing my first proposition on this subject in their Transactions. The instrument I intend more particularly to describe in this paper has a clear aperture of 7.8 inches, exceeding, I think, by about an inch the largest refracting telescope in this country. Its tube is 11 feet, which together with the eye-piece makes the whole length 12 feet; but its effective focus is, on the principle explained in my former paper*, 18 feet. It carries a power of 700 on the closest double stars in South’s and Herschel’s catalogue; and the stars are with that power round and defined, although the field is not then so bright as I could desire.

VII. An account of a series of experiments made with a view to the construction of an achromatic telescope with a fluid concave lens, instead of the usual lens of flint glass. In a letter addressed to Davies Gilbert, Esq. M. P. President of the Royal Society. By Peter Barlow, Esq. F. R. S. &c

1828 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Flint Glass ◽  
Concave Lens ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The One

You are aware that I have been for some time engaged in a set of experiments directed to the construction of achromatic fluid telescopes, and that I have succeeded in constructing, by the aid of Messrs. Gilbert, two instruments of that description, the one of 3 inches aperture and the other of 6 inches. You are aware also that it was my intention to have laid these before the members of the Board of Longitude; and if the construction had met with their approbation, I hoped they might have been disposed to have ordered a like instrument (but upon a scale much exceeding anything yet attempted), the construction of which it would have given me great pleasure to have superintended. It is, however, doubtful whether I shall be able at present to pursue the experiments*; and I wish therefore to place on record the progress I have made, the results which have been obtained, and the ultimate object I had in view; and I am in hopes this communication may not be thought undeserving a place in the Philosophical Transactions.

The Rutherford Memorial Lecture, 1954 Rutherford-his life and work, 1871-1937

1954 ◽  
Vol 226 (1166) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Graduate Training ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
The Subject

It is a great pleasure to be with you to-day and I owe that good fortune to your acceptance of the suggestion by the Royal Society which controls a fund of £100 000 collected in the Commonwealth and dedicated to the memory of Lord Rutherford. This fund provides for post-graduate training and research of selected young men and women but its Committee is also charged with the duty of arranging for the delivery of annual lectures in the Commonwealth countries in turn and dealing with some aspect of Rutherford’s life or developments of the scientific work he inaugurated. It seemed to the Committee that the first few lectures should be given by one or other of those who were fortunate enough to work with Rutherford in the heyday of his powers. Previous lectures were given by Sir John Cockcroft in New Zealand in 1952 and by Sir James Chadwick in Canada in 1953. It would be interesting perhaps to speculate on the subject-matter of some future Rutherford memorial lecture in South Africa when the nature of the forces holding together the atomic nucleus has been unravelled and we have advanced one stage further in our understanding of these subuniverses. The lecture might deal, equally appropriately, not with the subuniverse but with the constitution and evolution of the stars themselves, since atomic transformations appear to be the basis of the constitution energy and radiations concerned, and Rutherford himself often speculated on this subject.

scholarly journals XIV. On the absorption of gases by solids

1881 ◽  
Vol 32 (212-215) ◽  
pp. 407-408
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Solid Matter ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
Solid Iron ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High

During the progress of the investigations which I have from time to time had the honour of bringing under the notice of the Royal Society, I have again and again noticed the apparent disappearance of gases inclosed in vessels of various materials when the disappearance could not be accounted for upon the assumption of ordinary leakage. After a careful examination of the subject I found that the solids absorbed or dissolved the gases, giving rise to a striking example of the fixation of a gas in a solid without chemical action. In carrying out that most troublesome investigation, the crystalline separation of carbon from its compounds, the tubes used for experiment have been in nine cases out of ten found to be empty on opening them, and in most cases a careful testing by hydraulic press showed no leakage. The gases seemed to go through the solid iron, although it was 2 inches thick. A series of experiments with various linings were tried. The tube was electro-plated with copper, silver, and gold, but with no greater success. Siliceous linings were tried fusible enamels and glass—but still the' tubes refused to hold the contents. Out of thirty-four experiments made since my last results were published, only four contained any liquid or condensed gaseous matter after the furnacing. I became convinced that the solid matter at the very high pressure and temperature used must be pervious to gases.

scholarly journals Alan F. Williams: an Appreciation

1993 ◽  
Vol 342 (1299) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Untimely Death ◽  
The Subject

The papers in this symposium form the proceeding of the Royal Society’s Discussion Meeting held in March 1993. As co-organizers and editors, we trust that we have put together a timely, enterprising and enlightening volume which provides a fitting tribute to Alan Williams. It was Alan who first promoted to the Royal Society the subject of CD4 as a topic for one of the Society’s Discussion Meetings and who agreed to be cast in the role of organizer. After Alan’s untimely death, as coorganizers we were given the choice of proceeding with the meeting or not, and it was decided to proceed as a memorial to Alan. We are certain that it was exactly what Alan would have wanted us to do.

XXIII. On the water-barometer erected in the hall of the Royal Society

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 539-574 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
French Academy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Made In

I have for some time entertained an opinion, in common with some others who have turned their attention tot he subject, that a good series of observations with a Water-Barometer, accurately constructed, might throw some light upon several important points of physical science: amongst others, upon the tides of the atmosphere; the horary oscillations of the counterpoising column; the ascending and descending rate of its greater oscillations; and the tension of vapour at different atmospheric temperatures. I have sought in vain in various scientific works, and in the Transactions of Philosophical Societies, for the record of any such observations, or for a description of an instrument calculated to afford the required information with anything approaching to precision. In the first volume of the History of the French Academy of Sciences, a cursory reference is made, in the following words, to some experiments of M. Mariotte upon the subject, of which no particulars appear to have been preserved. “Le même M. Mariotte fit aussi à l’observatoire des experiences sur le baromètre ordinaire à mercure comparé au baromètre à eau. Dans l’un le mercure s’eléva à 28 polices, et dans Fautre l’eau fut a 31 pieds Cequi donne le rapport du mercure à l’eau de 13½ à 1.” Histoire de I'Acadérmie, tom. i. p. 234. It also appears that Otto Guricke constructed a philosophical toy for the amusement of himself and friends, upon the principle of the water-barometer; but the column of water probably in this, as in all the other instances which I have met with, was raised by the imperfect rarefaction of the air in the tube above it, or by filling with water a metallic tube, of sufficient length, cemented to a glass one at its upper extremity, and fitted with a stop-cock at each end; so that when full the upper one might be closed and the lower opened, when the water would fall till it afforded an equipoise to the pressure of the atmo­sphere. The imperfections of such an instrument, it is quite clear, would render it totally unfit for the delicate investigations required in the present state of science; as, to render the observations of any value, it is absolutely necessary that the water should be thoroughly purged of air, by boiling, and its insinuation or reabsorption effectually guarded against. I was convinced that the only chance of securing these two necessary ends, was to form the whole length of tube of one piece of glass, and to boil the water in it, as is done with mercury in the common barometer. The practical difficulties which opposed themselves to such a construction long appeared to me insurmount­able; but I at length contrived a plan for the purpose, which, having been honoured with the approval of the late Meteorological Committee of this Society, was ordered to be carried into execution by the President and Council.

III. On the structure of a species of millepora occurring at Tahiti, Society Islands

1877 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
The Subject

In a paper treating mainly on the structure of the Heliopora cœrulea , which was communicated to the Royal Society in the autumn of last year (1875), I gave a short account of the results at which I had arrived from the examination of two species of Millepora obtained at Bermuda and at the Philippines, and expressed my intention of further prosecuting the subject at the Sandwich Islands and Tahiti, should material be forthcoming. At Honolulu no Millepora was met with; and this form apparently does not occur at the Sandwich Islands, the water being too cold for it. At Tahiti a Millepora is very abundant on the reefs in from one to two feet of water, and is very conspicuous because of its bright yellow colour.

scholarly journals V. Researches on the action of sulphuric acid upon the amides and nitriles, with remarks on the conjugate sulpho-acids

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Short Summary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Compounds

Since we had the honour of addressing the Royal Society upon the subject of the behaviour of acetamide and acetonitrile towards sulphuric acid, we have completed our experiments upon the amides and nitriles, and extended our researches to other groups of bodies. The results of these additional inquiries we now beg to present in the form of a second short summary, the analytical details and the more extended description of the new compounds being given in the complete memoir, which, at the same time, we have the honour of submitting to the Society.

Lantern Demonstration of Gross Lesions of the Cerebrum

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (199) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shaw Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pyramidal Layer ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Morbid Conditions

This demonstration was a further report on the subject laid before the Association at the meeting at Claybury in February last, viz., the morbid changes occurring in the brain and other intra-cranial contents in amentia and dementia. In a paper read before the Royal Society in the spring of 1900, and subsequently published in the Philosophical Transactions, it was stated, as the result of a systematic micrometric examination of the visuo-sensory (primary visual) and visuo-psychic (lower associational) regions of the cerebral cortex, that the depth of the pyramidal layer of nerve-cells varies with the amentia or dementia existing in the patient. At the meeting of the Association referred to it was further shown, from an analysis, clinical and pathological, of 121 cases of insanity which appeared consecutively in the post-mortem room at Claybury, that the morbid conditions inside the skull-cap in insanity, viz., abnormalities in the dura mater, the pia arachnoid, the ependyma and intra-cranial fluid, etc., are the accompaniments of and vary in degree with dementia alone, and are independent of the duration of the mental disease. Since that date the pre-frontal (higher associational) region has been systematically examined in nineteen cases, viz., normal persons and normal aments (infants), and cases of amentia, of chronic and recurrent insanity without appreciable dementia, and of dementia, and the results obtained form the subject of the present demonstration. A paper on the whole subject will shortly be published in the Archives of the Claybury Laboratory.

scholarly journals An application of the theory of probabilities to the study of a priori pathometry.—Part II

1917 ◽  
Vol 93 (650) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Active Service ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Government Grant

Part I of this paper was published in the ‘Proceedings', A, vol. 92 (1916), having been read on November 11, 1915. In June last, the Royal Society was kind enough to give a Government Grant for providing me with assistance in order to complete the paper, and for carrying on further studies upon the subject; and Miss Hilda P. Hudson, M. A., Sc. D., was appointed for the work from May 1, 1916. The continuation of the paper has accordingly been written in conjunction with her; and I should like to take the opportunity to express my obligations to her for her valuable assistance, especially in regard to Part III—which is to appear shortly. I must apologise for the rather numerous small errors in Part I—due to the fact that the proofs were received by me when I was abroad on active service.

3. Supplement to the Eighth Report of the Boulder Committee

1882 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 787-793
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Subject

Origin and Objects of the Committee appointed by the Royal Society of Edinburgh to obtain information regarding Boulders in Scotland.The subject was brought before the Society by Mr. Milne Home in a paper referred to in the following Minute of Council, dated 21st April 1871 :—“The Council, whilst authorising Mr. Milne Home's paper “On the Conservation of Remarkable Boulders in Scotland,” to be read at an ordinary meeting of the Society, agree, in compliance with a suggestion in the paper, to express approval of its object, and of the scheme proposed for carrying it out.

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