Quality and Optimal Shelf Life of Late Season Green Cabbage

Introduction. Green cabbage has a short shelf life. As a result, it becomes scarce by March and April, often due to miscalculated sell-by-date. The research objective was to establish qualitative indicators and optimal shelf life of late season green cabbage. Study objects and methods. The study featured eleven late season varieties of green cabbage grown in alluvial meadow soil using N150P150K180 as fertilizer. The samples (25 cabbage heads) were put in layers into wooden containers with a capacity of 200–250 kg each and stored at 0...+1°C and a relative humidity of 90–95% for 7 months. By the end of storage, the samples were tested for the yield of marketable products, weight loss, diseases, etc. Results and discussion. The highest yield belonged to Gertsoginya F1 (80.4%), Kilaton F1 (78.6%), and Beaumont Agro F1 (77.7%). The optimal shelf life did not exceed 5–6 months. The yield of commercial products depended on the solid matter content (r = 0.81) and, to a lesser degree, on the average content of ascorbic acid (r = 0.52), monosaccharides (r = 0.55), and nitrates (r = 0.55). The weight loss had a negative mean relationship with the content of solids (r = –0.55), ascorbic acid (r = –0.49), and nitrates (r = –0.59). Conclusion. The optimal shelf life for most varieties and hybrids of green cabbage proved to be 4–5 months, whereas for Beau Monde Agro F1, Gertsoginya F1, Idilliya F1, and Kilaton F1, it was 5–6 months. Further research might reveal hybrids with longer shelf life.

Mathematical Study of a Two-Stage Anaerobic Model When the Hydrolysis Is the Limiting Step

A two-step model of the anaerobic digestion process is mathematically and numerically studied. The focus of the paper is put on the hydrolysis and methanogenesis phases when applied to the digestion of waste with a high content of solid matter: existence and stability properties of the equilibrium points are investigated. The hydrolysis step is considered a limiting step in this process using the Contois growth function for the bacteria responsible for the first degradation step. The methanogenesis step being inhibited by the product of the first reaction (which is also the substrate for the second one), and the Haldane growth rate is used for the second reaction step. The operating diagrams with respect to the dilution rate and the input substrate concentrations are established and discussed.

DESCARTES and his project of a fantasized brain

ABSTRACT. Interest in anatomy dates from the earliest times. Such knowledge was acquired through dissections of animals and human corpses by many researchers. The macroscopic anatomy of the varied structures of the brain were identified over the centuries, and the predominating solid substance was seen as amorphous, and devoid of any specific function, until the Renaissance. René Descartes, a personage with a brilliant and creative mind, conceived the brain, its structure and function, in a distinct manner to what was known at his time. He valued the solid matter and gave it, for the first time, a theoretical minute structure, related to a presumptive function based on the presence of the pineal gland and the animal spirits, underlying cognitive, sensory and motor activities. Such structural view was endorsed, in a given sense, by the microscopic findings of Marcello Malpighi, which begun to change the understanding of the nervous system.

Globulism

In the beginning of the 19th century, the theory arose that biological tissues were composed of spherical “globules,” probably of uniform size, much as solid matter was composed of relatively uniform atoms. Where did this notion come from? Was it strictly an analogy with physical science? Is it possible that it came from an underlying philosophy of uniformity of constituents? Or did it have its origins in the limitations of the microscopes and other optical devices used in studying the tissues? There are and have been proponents of each of these views. The timing of the resolution of the conflict may say something about its origins.

Tunable and Ordered Porous Carbons with Folding-Like Nanoscale Framework via Interdigitation and Twisting

Nanoscale folded structures, such as protein folding, extensively exist in nature and are key to controlling various physicochemical functions; however, their controlled expressions in both organic and inorganic solid matter...

CALCITE POWDER DEFORMATION IN THE PRESENCE OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF VARIOUS COMPOSITION

Измеренные скорости уплотнения порошка кальцита под действием одноосной нагрузки в присутствии насыщенного раствора CaCO, содержащего катионы магния или гумат-анионы, сопоставлены с расчетами скорости деформации, проведенными с учетом растворимости, кинетики растворения и скорости массопереноса вещества матрицы в поровой жидкости. Адекватность предложенной схемы расчета подтверждается незначительным различием экспериментальных и вычисленных значений (в пределах 20 %). Показано, что скорость деформации кальцита в растворах, содержащих ионы магния, лимитируется скоростью растворения материала из-за доломитизации поверхности. Замедление скорости уплотнения в присутствии гумат-анионов также происходит из-за частичного блокирования поверхности в результате адсорбции гумата. The rates of calcite powder compaction under uniaxial stress in CaCO saturated aqueous solutions containing magnesium cations or humate anions have been compared with computed rate estimations. The interplay of calcite solubility, dissolution kinetics, and mass transfer rate of solid matter through the liquid bulk controls the overall process kinetics. A not significant difference between the experimental and calculated datasets (within 20%) confirms the adequacy of the model proposed. The calcite creep rate in magnesium-containing media is limited by the material dissolution stage as a result of the surface dolomitization. The creep hindering by humate anions is likely to be due to the partial surface coverage with adsorbed matter.