scholarly journals Cell Wall Assembly in Bacillus subtilis: Visualization of Old and New Wall Material by Electron Microscopic Examination of Samples Stained Selectively for Teichoic Acid and Teichuronic Acid

Microbiology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Merad ◽  
A. R. Archibald ◽  
I. C. Hancock ◽  
C. R. Harwood ◽  
J. A. Hobot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Teichuronic Acid ◽  
Wall Assembly

scholarly journals Control of teichoic acid and teichuronic acid biosynthesis in chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis var. niger

1969 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Ellwood ◽  
D. W. Tempest
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Wall Teichoic Acid ◽  
Anionic Polymers ◽  
Teichuronic Acid

1. Quantitative determination of the anionic polymers present in the walls of Bacillus subtilis var. niger organisms undergoing transition, in a chemostat culture, from either Mg2+-limitation to PO43−-limitation or K+-limitation to PO43−-limitation showed that teichuronic acid synthesis started immediately the culture became PO43−-limited and proceeded at a rate substantially faster than the rate of biomass synthesis. 2. Simultaneously, the cell-wall teichoic acid content diminished at a rate greater than that due to dilution by newly synthesized wall material, and fragments of teichoic acid and mucopeptide accumulated in the culture extracellular fluid. 3. Equally rapid reverse changes occurred when a PO43−-limited B. subtilis var. niger culture was returned to being Mg2+-limited. 4. It is concluded that in this organism both teichoic acid and teichuronic acid syntheses are expressions of a single genotype, and a mechanism for the control of synthesis of both polymers is suggested. 5. These results are discussed with reference to the constantly changing environmental conditions that obtain in a batch culture and the variation in bacterial cell-wall composition that is reported to occur throughout the growth cycle.

Effect of various inhibitors on sporulation of Bacillus subtilis crs mutants

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1337-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Takahashi ◽  
Dongxu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohols ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Electron Microscopic

The effect of aliphatic alcohols, cerulenin, and NaCl on sporulation of various catabolite-resistant (crs) mutants of Bacillus subtilis was studied. Mutants carrying crsA or crsF mutations were able to sporulate in the presence of these agents. Other crs mutants were resistant to at least one of the inhibitors. Electron microscopic examination revealed that cerulenin blocks sporulation at stage 0 in wild-type cells, suggesting that early sporulation functions are affected by this antibiotic. The results obtained so far suggest that the functions altered in the crs mutants may be related to the membrane.

scholarly journals Role of PhoP∼P in Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Involved in Cell Wall Anionic Polymer Biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (15) ◽  
pp. 4007-4010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qi ◽  
F. Marion Hulett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
In Vitro Transcription ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Teichuronic Acid

ABSTRACT tagA, tagD, and tuaA operons are responsible for the synthesis of cell wall anionic polymer, teichoic acid, and teichuronic acid, respectively, in Bacillus subtilis. Under phosphate starvation conditions, teichuronic acid is synthesized while teichoic acid synthesis is inhibited. Expression of these genes is controlled by PhoP-PhoR, a two-component system. It has been proposed that PhoP∼P plays a key role in the activation oftuaA and the repression of tagA andtagD. In this study, we demonstrated the role of PhoP∼P in the switch process from teichoic acid synthesis to teichuronic acid synthesis, by using an in vitro transcription system. The results indicate that PhoP∼P is sufficient to repress the transcription of the tagA and tagD promoters and also to activate the transcription of the tuaA promoter.

scholarly journals Two Types of Bacteria Adherent to Bovine Respiratory Tract Ciliated Epithelium

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Hastie ◽  
L. P. Evans ◽  
A. M. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Immunogold Staining ◽  
Transmission Electron

Two hundred sixty tracheas were obtained from a Philadelphia abattoir under permit from the Department of Agriculture; the tracheas were excised from predominantly Holstein calves of both sexes that weighed approximately 250 kg. Tracheas were transported in normal saline to the laboratory at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Evidence of bacteria adherent to the tracheal epithelium was found in specimens from 20/24 of these tracheas. The epithelium from each of five tracheas was placed in glutaraldehyde fixative for transmission electron microscopic examination. Epithelium from each of 12 other tracheas was placed in formaldehyde fixative for light microscopic examination. Microscopically, 13 of these 17 bovine tracheal epithelia were observed to contain bacteria located longitudinally parallel to and between cilia and microvilli of ciliated cells. Preparations of ciliary axonemes isolated from the epithelium of seven additional bovine tracheas also contained these bacteria in sections viewed by a transmission electron microscope. These bacteria had two different ultrastructural morphologies: filamentous with a trilaminar-structured cell wall and short with a thick, homogeneously stained cell wall beneath a regularly arrayed surface layer. The short bacillus had surface carbohydrates, including mannose, galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine, identified by lectin binding. The filamentous bacillus was apparently externally deficient in these carbohydrates. Immunogold staining revealed that the filamentous bacillus was antigenically related to cilia-associated respiratory (CAR) bacillus, which has been identified in rabbit and rodent species. Significantly decreased numbers of cilia were obtained from tracheal epithelium heavily colonized by the filamentous bacilli, suggesting a pathologic change in ciliated cells.

The novel structure of a microorganism of human gingival plaque

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1307-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagi Halhoul ◽  
J. Ross Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Individual Fiber ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Pass Through

Electron-microscopic examination of gingival plaque microflora showed a bacillus-like, microencapsulated, thick-walled organism with a previously unreported structure. This structure, which is not an example of fimbriae, flagellae, or attached extracellular polysaccharide, is a tuft of thin fibers about 0.3 μm long at only one end of the cell. The fibers begin in or near to the cell wall and pass through the microcapsule to the outside. The name lotussy is proposed for this new structure and the name lotuslifa for an individual fiber or filament.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document