‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’, a novel taxon associated with X-disease of stone fruits, Prunus spp.: multilocus characterization based on 16S rRNA, secY, and ribosomal protein genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 766-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Davis ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Ellen L. Dally ◽  
Ing-Ming Lee ◽  
Rasa Jomantiene ◽  
...  

X-disease is one of the most serious diseases known in peach (Prunus persica). Based on RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, peach X-disease phytoplasma strains from eastern and western United States and eastern Canada were classified in 16S rRNA gene RFLP group 16SrIII, subgroup A. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the X-disease phytoplasma strains formed a distinct subclade within the phytoplasma clade, supporting the hypothesis that they represented a lineage distinct from those of previously described ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ’ species. Nucleotide sequence alignments revealed that all studied X-disease phytoplasma strains shared less than 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with previously described ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ’ species. Based on unique properties of the DNA, we propose recognition of X-disease phytoplasma strain PX11CT1R as representative of a novel taxon, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’. Results from nucleotide and phylogenetic analyses of secY and ribosomal protein (rp) gene sequences provided additional molecular markers of the ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pruni’ lineage. We propose that the term ‘Ca. Phytoplasma pruni’ be applied to phytoplasma strains whose 16S rRNA gene sequences contain the oligonucleotide sequences of unique regions that are designated in the formally published description of the taxon. Such strains include X-disease phytoplasma and - within the tolerance of a single base difference in one unique sequence - peach rosette, peach red suture, and little peach phytoplasmas. Although not employed for taxon delineation in this work, we further propose that secY, rp, and other genetic loci from the reference strain of a taxon, and where possible oligonucleotide sequences of unique regions of those genes that distinguish taxa within a given 16Sr group, be incorporated in emended descriptions and as part of future descriptions of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ’ taxa.

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1906-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Yi Sheu ◽  
Yu-Wen Shiau ◽  
Yan-Ting Wei ◽  
Wen-Ming Chen

To investigate the biodiversity of bacteria in the spring water of the Chengcing Lake Park in Taiwan, a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming and aerobic bacterial strain, designated strain Chen16-4T, was isolated and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the closest relatives of strain Chen16-4T were Sphingobium amiense YTT, Sphingobium yanoikuyae GIFU 9882T and Sphingobium scionense WP01T, with sequence similarities of 97.6, 97.1 and 97.0 %, respectively. A phylogenetic tree obtained with 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Chen16-4T and these three closest relatives formed an independent phylogenetic clade within the genus Sphingobium . The polar lipid pattern, the presence of spermidine and ubiquinone Q-10, the predominance of C18 : 1ω7c in the cellular fatty acid profile and the DNA G+C content also supported affiliation of the isolate to the genus Sphingobium . The DNA–DNA relatedness of strain Chen16-4T with respect to recognized species of the genus Sphingobium was less than 70 %. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, strain Chen16-4T represents a novel species in the genus Sphingobium , for which the name Sphingobium fontiphilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Chen16-4T ( = BCRC 80308T = LMG 26342T = KCTC 23559T).


2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_4) ◽  
pp. 984-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Davis ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Ellen L. Dally ◽  
Rasa Jomantiene ◽  
Ing-Ming Lee ◽  
...  

Symptoms of abnormal proliferation of shoots resulting in formation of witches’-broom growths were observed on diseased plants of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg.) in Brazil. RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified in PCRs containing template DNAs extracted from diseased plants collected in Bonito (Pernambuco) and Viçosa (Minas Gerais) Brazil, indicated that such symptoms were associated with infections by two mutually distinct phytoplasmas. One phytoplasma, PassWB-Br4 from Bonito, represents a new subgroup, 16SrIII-V, in the X-disease phytoplasma group (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’-related strains). The second phytoplasma, PassWB-Br3 from Viçosa, represents a previously undescribed subgroup in group 16SrVI. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences were consistent with the hypothesis that strain PassWB-Br3 is distinct from previously described ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ’ species. Nucleotide sequence alignments revealed that strain PassWB-Br3 shared less than 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with previously described ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ’ species. The unique properties of its DNA, in addition to natural host and geographical occurrence, support the recognition of strain PassWB-Br3 as a representative of a novel taxon, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma sudamericanum’.


2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 4942-4950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ming Chen ◽  
Li-Chu Chen ◽  
Der-Shyan Sheu ◽  
Jyh-Ming Tsai ◽  
Shih-Yi Sheu

A novel bacterial strain, designated TBM-1T, isolated from a freshwater lake in Taiwan, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and coding sequences of 92 protein clusters indicated that strain TBM-1T formed a phylogenetic lineage in the genus Ideonella . Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TBM-1T was most closely related to Ideonella dechloratans CCUG 30898T with 98.4 % sequence similarity. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain TBM-1T and closely related strains of the genus Ideonella were 74.4–77.5 %, 69.7–75.4 % and 19.8–21.8 %, respectively, supporting that strain TBM-1T represents a novel species of the genus Ideonella . Cells were Gram-stain-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, rod-shaped and formed blue colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 6 and 0 % NaCl. The predominant fatty acids of strain TBM-1T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1   ω7c and/or C16 : 1   ω6c), C18 : 1  ω7c and C16 : 0. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, two uncharacterized aminophospholipids and two uncharacterized phospholipids. The main polyamine was putrescine. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The estimated genome size was 5.26 Mb, with an average G+C content of 70.0 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties and phylogenetic inference, strain TBM-1T should be classified in a novel species of the genus Ideonella , for which the name Ideonella livida sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBM-1T (=BCRC 81199T =LMG 31339T).


Author(s):  
Chao-Nan Wang ◽  
Feng-Qing Wang ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Ming-Yi Wang ◽  
Zong-Jun Du

A novel Gram-stain-negative, short rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-gliding, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative bacterium, designated ML27T, was isolated from oyster homogenate in Rushan, Weihai, PR China. Growth occurred at 20–33 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.0) and in the presence of 1–6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ML27T was 90.7 % similar to Suttonella ornithocola DSM 18249T, 89.2 % to Suttonella indologenes JCM 1478T and 88.2 % to Cardiobacterium hominis DSM 8339T; similarities to other species were less than 90 %. The average amino acid identity between strain ML27T, S. indologenes JCM 1478T, S. ornithocola DSM 18249T, C. hominis DSM 8339T and Dichelobacter nodosus ATCC 25549T were 46.23, 45.86, 45.54 and 45.84 %, respectively. Phylogenomic tree and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate formed a novel family-level clade in the order Cardiobacteriales . The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-7 (Q-7). The dominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c; 46.3 %), C16 : 0 (17.8 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c; 13.5 %). The DNA G+C content of strain ML27T was 45.6 mol%. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified lipid. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, genomic distinctiveness and characterization indicated that strain ML27T represents a novel species of a new genus within a novel family of the order Cardiobacteriales , for which the name Ostreibacterium oceani gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ostreibacterium oceani is ML27T (=MCCC 1H00372T=KCTC 72155T). In addition, a novel family, Ostreibacteriaceae fam. nov., is proposed to accommodate the genus Ostreibacterium.


2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 650-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ming ◽  
Yi-Rui Yin ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Guo-Xing Nie ◽  
Tian-Tian Yu ◽  
...  

Two thermophilic bacterial strains, designated YIM 77925T and YIM 77777, were isolated from two hot springs, one in the Hydrothermal Explosion (Shuirebaozhaqu) area and Frog Mouth Spring in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-western China. The taxonomic positions of the two isolates were investigated by a polyphasic approach. Cells of the two strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. They were able to grow at 50–70 °C, pH 6.0–8.0 and with a NaCl tolerance up to 0.5 % (w/v). Colonies are circular, convex, non-transparent and produce yellow pigment. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences comparison clearly demonstrated that strains YIM 77925T and YIM 77777 represent members of the genus Thermus , and they also detected low-level similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences (below 97 %) compared with all other species in this genus. Their predominant menaquinone was MK-8. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 77925T and YIM 77777 were 65.6 mol% and 67.2 mol%, respectively. Based on the results of physiological and biochemical tests and phylogenetic analyses, strains YIM 77925T and YIM 77777 could not be classified as representing any species of the genus Thermus with a validly published name. Thus the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thermus , for which the name Thermus caliditerrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 77925T ( = DSM 25901T = CCTCC 2012061T).


Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Ying ◽  
Zhi-Cheng Wu ◽  
Yuan-Chun Fang ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Cong Sun

Parvularcula flava was proposed as a novel member of genus Parvularcula in 2016. Some time earlier, Aquisalinus flavus has been proposed as a novel species of a novel genus named Aquisalinus . When comparing the 16S rRNA gene sequences of type strains P. flava NH6-79T and A. flavus D11M-2T, they showed 97.9 % sequence identity, much higher than the sequence identities 92.7–94.3 % between P. flava NH6-79T and type strains in the genus Parvularcula , indicating that the later proposed novel taxon Parvularcula flava need reclassification. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences both showed that P. flava NH6-79T and A. flavus D11M-2T formed a separated branch away from strains in the genera Parvularcula , Marinicaulis and Amphiplicatus . The average amino acid identity and average nucleotide identity values of P. flava NH6-79T and A. flavus D11M-2T were 87.9 and 85.0 %, respectively, much higher than the values between P. flava NH6-79T and other closely related type strains (54.3 %–58.1 % and 68.6–70.4 %, respectively). P. flava NH6-79T and A. flavus D11M-2T also contained summed feature 8 (C18 : 1  ω6c and/or C18 : 1  ω7c) and C16 : 0 as major fatty acids, distinguishing them from other closely related taxa. Based on the results of the phylogenetic, comparative genomic and phenotypic analyses, Parvularcula flava should be reclassified as Aquisalinus luteolus nom. nov. and the description of genus Aquisalinus is emended.


2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 1997-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehmida Bibi ◽  
Eu Jin Chung ◽  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Che Ok Jeon ◽  
Young Ryun Chung

During a study of endophytic bacteria from coastal dune plants, a bacterial strain, designated YC6881T, was isolated from the root of Rosa rugosa collected from the coastal dune areas of Namhae Island, Korea. The bacterium was found to be Gram-staining-negative, motile, halophilic and heterotrophic with a single polar flagellum. Strain YC6881T grew at temperatures of 4–37 °C (optimum, 28–32 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0), and at NaCl concentrations in the range of 0–7.5 % (w/v) (optimum, 4–5 % NaCl). Strain YC6881T was catalase- and oxidase-positive and negative for nitrate reduction. According to phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain YC6881T belonged to the genus Rhizobium and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.9 % to Rhizobium rosettiformans , followed by Rhizobium borbori (96.3 %), Rhizobium radiobacter (96.1 %), Rhizobium daejeonense (95.9 %), Rhizobium larrymoorei (95.6 %) and Rhizobium giardinii (95.4 %). Phylogenetic analysis of strain YC6881T by recA, atpD, glnII and 16S–23S intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences all confirmed the phylogenetic arrangements obtained by using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Cross-nodulation tests showed that strain YC6881T was a symbiotic bacterium that nodulated Vigna unguiculata and Pisum sativum. The major components of the cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (53.7 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (12.6 %) and C12 : 0 (8.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 52.8 mol%. Phenotypic and physiological tests with respect to carbon source utilization, antibiotic resistance, growth conditions, phylogenetic analyses of housekeeping genes recA, atpD and glnII, and fatty acid composition could be used to discriminate strain YC6881T from other species of the genus Rhizobium in the same sublineage. Based on the results obtained in this study, strain YC6881T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhizobium , for which the name Rhizobium halophytocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC6881T ( = KACC 13775T = DSM 21600T).


2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 5620-5626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghua Wang ◽  
Shuailiang Xu ◽  
Ge Dang ◽  
Jianfeng Liu ◽  
Hongfei Su ◽  
...  

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming, non-motile, aerobic bacterium (strain R33T) was isolated from coral Porites lutea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The G+C content was 44.5 mol%. The only detected respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6 (MK-6). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 ω6c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids. Global alignment based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R33T shares the highest sequence identity of 93.2 % with Muriicola marianensis A6B8T in the family Flavobacteriaceae . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain R33T forms a distinct branch in a stable clade comprising strain R33T and members of the genera Muriicola , Robiginitalea , Eudoraea and Zeaxanthinibacter . The phylogenomic analysis also supported this 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic result. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that strain R33T is rich in AraC-type DNA-binding domain-containing protein-coding genes, which means the regulation of carbon utilization is very complex. Low 16S rRNA gene identity, different polar lipids and/or cellular fatty acid profiles could readily distinguish strain R33T from any validly published type strains. Therefore, strain R33T is suggested to represent a new species in a new genus, for which the name Poritiphilus flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R33T (=MCCC 1K03853T=KCTC 72443T).


Author(s):  
Huibin Lu ◽  
Zhipeng Cai ◽  
Tongchu Deng ◽  
Youfeng Qian ◽  
Meiying Xu

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, non-spore-forming and non-motile strains (YJ13CT and H41T) were isolated from a mariculture fishpond in PR China. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that YJ13CT and H41T shared 16S rRNA gene sequences similarities between 92.6 and 99.2 % with species of the genus Algoriphagus . YJ13CT only shared 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with H41T. The reconstructed phylogenetic and phylogenomic trees indicated that YJ13CT and H41T clustered closely with species of the genus Algoriphagus . The calculated pairwise orthologous average nucleotide identity with usearch (OrthoANIu) values between strains YJ13CT and H41T and other related strains were all less than 79.5 %. The OrthoANIu value between YJ13CT and H41T was only 69.9 %. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone of YJ13CT and H41T and their major cellular fatty acids contained iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c and C17 : 1 ω9c. The polar lipids profiles of YJ13CT and H41T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and several kinds of unidentified lipids. Combining the above descriptions, strains YJ13CT and H41T represent two distinct novel species of the genus Algoriphagus , for which the names Algoriphagus pacificus sp. nov. (type strain YJ13CT=GDMCC 1.2178T=KCTC 82450T) and Algoriphagus oliviformis sp. nov. (type strain H41T=GDMCC 1.2179T=KCTC 82451T) are proposed.


2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_4) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Fu ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
Zhixin Ding ◽  
Qiliang Lai ◽  
...  

Strain WPAGA1T was isolated from marine sediment of the west Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Flammeovirga . Strain WPAGA1T exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Flammeovirga yaeyamensis NBRC 100898T (98.1 %) and lower sequence similarity with Flammeovirga arenaria IFO 15982T (94.6 %) and other members of the genus Flammeovirga (<94.2 %). DNA–DNA relatedness studies showed that strain WPAGA1T was distinct from F. yaeyamensis NBRC 100898T and F. arenaria NBRC 15982T (43±4 % and 32±2 % relatedness values, respectively). Strain WPAGA1T could be distinguished from all known members of the genus Flammeovirga by a number of phenotypic features. However, the dominant fatty acids of strain WPAGA1T (iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C20 : 4ω6,9,12,15c), the major polyamine (cadaverine) and the G+C content of the chromosomal DNA (32.9 mol%) were consistent with those of members of the genus Flammeovirga . Based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features and 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain WPAGA1T can be assigned to the genus Flammeovirga as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Flammeovirga pacifica sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is WPAGA1T ( = CCTCC AB 2010364T = LMG 26175T = DSM 24597T = MCCC 1A06425T).


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