scholarly journals Papillary and Nonpapillary Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Renal Calculi: Comparative Study of Etiologic Factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2411-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Pieras ◽  
Antonia Costa-Bauz ◽  
Margarita Ramis ◽  
Felix Grases
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Case History ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Crystallization Inhibitors

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) renal calculi can be classified into two groups: papillary and nonpapillary. In this paper, a comparative study between etiologic factors of COM papillary and nonpapillary calculi is performed. The study included 40 patients with COM renal calculi. The urine of these individuals was analyzed. Case history, lifestyle, and dietetic habits were obtained.No significant differences between urinary biochemical data of both groups were observed; 50% of COM papillary stone formers and 40% of COM nonpapillary stone formers had urolithiasis family history. A low consumption of phytate-rich products was observed for both groups. A relationship between profession with occupational exposure to cytotoxic products and COM papillary renal lithiasis was detected.The results suggest that COM papillary calculi would be associated to papillary epithelium alterations together with a crystallization inhibitors deficit, whereas COM nonpapillary calculi would be associated to the presence of heterogeneous nucleants and a crystallization inhibitors deficit.

scholarly journals Papillary and Nonpapillary Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Renal Calculi: Comparative Study of Etiologic Factors

TSW Urology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Pieras ◽  
Antonia Costa-Bauzá ◽  
Margarita Ramis ◽  
Felix Grases
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

A comparative study of the adsorption of amino acids on to calcium minerals found in renal calculi

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. FLEMING ◽  
Wilhelm VAN BRONSWIJK ◽  
Rosemary Lyons RYALL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Carboxyglutamic Acid ◽  
Calcium Minerals ◽  
Ph Range

To assess the binding of individual amino acids to the principal calcium minerals found in human kidney stones, the adsorption of 20 amino acids on to calcium oxalate monohydrate, CaHPO4.2H2O, Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3OH crystals was determined over the physiological urinary pH range (pH 5–8) in aqueous solutions. All amino acids adsorbed most strongly at pH 5, and this decreased in all cases as the pH was increased. The amino acids which adsorbed most strongly were aspartic acid, glutamic acid and γ-carboxyglutamic acid, with the last displaying the strongest affinity. All amino acids bound more avidly to calcium oxalate monohydrate than to any of the phosphate minerals. Adsorption on to CaHPO4.2H2O was generally higher than for Ca3(PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3OH, for which all amino acids, with the exception of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, had only a weak affinity. The binding affinity of these acids is thought to be due to their zwitterions being able to adopt conformations in which two carboxyl groups, and possibly the amino group, can interact with the mineral surface without further rotation. The strong binding affinity of di-and tri-carboxylic acids for calcium stone minerals indicates that proteins rich in these amino acids are more likely to play a functional role in stone pathogenesis than those possessing only a few such residues. These findings, as well as the preferential adsorption of the amino acids for calcium oxalate monohydrate rather than calcium phosphate minerals, have ramifications for research aimed at discovering the true role of proteins in stone formation and for potential application in the design of synthetic peptides for use in stone therapy.

Comparison of Urinary Crystallites from Patients with Renal Calculi with that from Healthy Subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1738-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yue Xia ◽  
Yi Ming Ding ◽  
Jian Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Sharp Edges

The differences between the urinary crystallites from patients with renal calculi and healthy subjects were compared using SEM, XRD, and nano-particle size analyzer, etc. These differences concern morphology, aggregation state, number, particle size, crystal phase and Zeta potential, etc. About 90% of the crystallites had the particle sizes less than 20 μm, the Zeta potential was -(113) mV, and the composition included a large proportion of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals. By comparison, the urinary crystallites from patients with renal calculi had sharp edges and corners and exhibited significant aggregation. There were more crystallites with the size greater than 20 μm in comparison with those in healthy subjects, their Zeta potential was -(73) mV, and calcium oxalate existed mainly in the form of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. The above differences increased the aggregation trend of the crystallites in lithogenic urine and caused the probability of renal calculi formation to increase.

Tensile, Flexural and Compressive Strength Studies on Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Urinary Stone

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 494-498
Author(s):  
Abdul Rasheed Mohamed Ali ◽  
Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Laser Lithotripsy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of stones formed in the urinary tract. Mechanical properties of renal calculi dictate how a stone interact and disintegrate with mechanical forces produced by shock wave and laser lithotripsy techniques. Tensile stresses may be more effective in some instances in disrupting material because most materials are weaker in tension than compression. Urinary stone containing COM as a major component was subjected to tensile, flexural and compressive strength studies in order to understand its mechanical properties in vitro. The calculated tensile breaking strength for the urinary stone from three tests varies from 0.57 MNm-2 to 1.52 MNm-2. The flexural strength and the flexural modulus of the urinary stone were calculated as 5.17 MNm-2 and 2.22 GNm-2 respectively while the observed compressive strength was 6.11 MNm-2. The chemical composition and the crystalline nature of the stone were verified using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.

Origin and Types of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Papillary Renal Calculi

Urology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fèlix Grases ◽  
Antonia Costa-Bauzá ◽  
Isabel Gomila ◽  
Antonio Conte
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal aggregation by urine proteins

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. F99-F106 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hess ◽  
Y. Nakagawa ◽  
F. L. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Crystal Aggregation ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Aggregation Inhibitors ◽  
Normal Urine

Normal urine inhibits both the growth and the aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals but the molecules that inhibit aggregation are not well defined. We have developed a spectrophotometric assay method to measure the aggregation of COM crystals in vitro under conditions that avoid simultaneous crystal growth. At pH 7.2 and 90 mM NaCl, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) and nephrocalcin (NC), a major urinary inhibitor of COM crystal growth, inhibit COM crystal aggregation at concentrations as low as 2 X 10(-9) and 1 X 10(-8) M, respectively. When increasing NaCl to 270 mM or lowering pH to 5.7, inhibition by both glycoproteins, but more markedly by THP, is decreased. Urinary NC from calcium oxalate renal stone formers (SF NC) and NC isolated from calcium oxalate renal stones (stone NC) both inhibit COM crystal aggregation 10-fold less than NC from normal urine. Citrate is ineffective even at millimolar concentrations. Thus THP and NC are two major inhibitors of COM crystal aggregation in normal urine; SF NC and stone NC are defective aggregation inhibitors.

scholarly journals Association between aortic calcification and the presence of kidney stones: calcium oxalate calculi in focus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Yin Tang ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Xi Jin ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Calculi

Abstract Purpose The current research is aimed at analyzing the relationship between kidney stone (KS) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and the relationship between KS components and AAC. Methods This is a retrospective, case–control study. Kidney stone formers (KSFs) were treated at the Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University for urological calculus disease from January 2014 to January 2020. Matched non-stone formers (non-SFs) were drawn from the same hospital for routine health examination from January 2018 to February 2019. Research-related information was collected and reviewed retrospectively from the hospital’s computerized records. AAC were evaluated using available results of computed tomography imaging and abdominal vascular ultrasound. The relationships of AAC between KSFs and non-SFs were compared. The composition of renal calculi was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer. KSFs were divided into AAC groups and non-AAC based on AAC. The relationship of the composition of renal calculi between AAC and non-AAC were compared. The independent-sample t test, the chi-squared test and binary logistics regression were performed. Results Altogether, 4516 people were included, with 1027 KSFs and 3489 non-SFs. There were no significant differences in the laboratory parameters between KSFs and non-SFs. The association between the presence of AAC and KS was significant in multivariable model 2 [adjusting hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose, uric acid, serum triglyceride (TG), serum calcium, and urine pH] (OR 5.756, 95% CI 4.616–7.177, p < 0.001). The result of KSFs showed that calcium oxalate calculi (CaOx) was significantly associated with AAC in multivariable model 3 (adjusting age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, drinking history, smoking history, and TG) (OR 1.351, 95% CI 1.002–1.822, p = 0.048). Conclusions The current study pioneered the revelation of the relationship between CaOx and AAC. Through an elimination of the confounding factors, the study demonstrated that KS and AAC were connected.

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