scholarly journals Performance in a GO/NOGO perceptual task reflects a balance between impulsive and instrumental components of behaviour

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berditchevskaia ◽  
R.D. Cazé ◽  
S.R. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Optimal Regime ◽  
Multiphoton Imaging ◽  
Relative Ease ◽  
Behavioural Performance

AbstractIn recent years, simple GO/NOGO behavioural tasks have become popular due to the relative ease with which they can be combined with technologies such as in vivo multiphoton imaging. To date, it has been assumed that behavioural performance can be captured by the average performance across a session, however this neglects the effect of motivation on behaviour within individual sessions. We investigated the effect of motivation on mice performing a GO/NOGO visual discrimination task. Performance within a session tended to follow a stereotypical trajectory on a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) chart, beginning with an over-motivated state with many false positives, and transitioning through a more or less optimal regime to end with a low hit rate after satiation. Our observations are reproduced by a new model, the Motivated Actor-Critic, introduced here. Our results suggest that standard measures of discriminability, obtained by averaging across a session, may significantly underestimate behavioural performance.

scholarly journals The Acquisition of Culturally Patterned Attention Styles Under Active Inference

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Constant ◽  
Alexander Daniel Dunsmoir Tschantz ◽  
Beren Millidge ◽  
Felipe Criado-Boado ◽  
Luis M Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Perception Action

This paper presents an active inference based simulation study of visual foraging. The goal of the simulation is to show the effect of the acquisition of culturally patterned attention styles on cognitive task performance, under active inference. We show how cultural artefacts like antique vase decorations drive cognitive functions such as perception, action and learning, as well as task performance in a simple visual discrimination task. We thus describe a new active inference based research pipeline that future work may employ to inquire on deep guiding principles determining the manner in which material culture drives human thought, by building and rebuilding our patterns of attention.

Visual Discrimination Task Improvement: A Multi-Step Process Occurring During Sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stickgold ◽  
Dana Whidbee ◽  
Beth Schirmer ◽  
Vipul Patel ◽  
J. Allan Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Process Modeling ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Visual Discrimination Task ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Step Process

Performance on a visual discrimination task shows longterm improvement after a single training session. When tested within 24 hr of training, improvement, was not observed unless subjects obtained at least 6 hr of postraining sleep prior to retesting, in which case improvement was proportional to the amount of sleep in excess of 6 hr. For subjects averaging 8 hr of sleep, overnight improvement was proportional to the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) in the first quarter of the night, as well as the amount of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) in the last quarter. REM during the intervening 4 hr did not appear to contribute to improvement. A two-step process, modeling throughput as the product of the amount of early SWS and late REM, accounts for 80 percent of intersubject variance. These results suggest that, in the case of this visual discrimination task, both SWS and REM are required to consolidate experience-dependent neuronal changes into a form that supports improved task performance.

scholarly journals The Acquisition of Culturally Patterned Attention Styles under Active Inference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Constant ◽  
Alexander Tschantz ◽  
Beren Millidge ◽  
Felipe Criado-Boado ◽  
Luis M. Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Perception Action

This paper presents an active inference based simulation study of visual foraging and transfer learning. The goal of the simulation is to show the effect of the acquisition of culturally patterned attention styles on cognitive task performance, under active inference. We show how cultural artifacts like antique vase decorations drive cognitive functions such as perception, action and learning, as well as task performance in a simple visual discrimination task. We thus describe a new active inference based research pipeline that future work may employ to inquire on deep guiding principles determining the manner in which material culture drives human thought, by building and rebuilding our patterns of attention.

scholarly journals Effect of stimulus intensity on visual discrimination task performance.

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Harue Yonekawa ◽  
Shingo Takagi ◽  
Kiyoyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Katsuro Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Visual Discrimination Task

scholarly journals The relationship between hippocampal-dependent task performance and hippocampal grey matter myelination and iron content

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239821282110119
Author(s):  
Ian A. Clark ◽  
Martina F. Callaghan ◽  
Nikolaus Weiskopf ◽  
Eleanor A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Future Thinking

Individual differences in scene imagination, autobiographical memory recall, future thinking and spatial navigation have long been linked with hippocampal structure in healthy people, although evidence for such relationships is, in fact, mixed. Extant studies have predominantly concentrated on hippocampal volume. However, it is now possible to use quantitative neuroimaging techniques to model different properties of tissue microstructure in vivo such as myelination and iron. Previous work has linked such measures with cognitive task performance, particularly in older adults. Here we investigated whether performance on scene imagination, autobiographical memory, future thinking and spatial navigation tasks was associated with hippocampal grey matter myelination or iron content in young, healthy adult participants. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected using a multi-parameter mapping protocol (0.8 mm isotropic voxels) from a large sample of 217 people with widely-varying cognitive task scores. We found little evidence that hippocampal grey matter myelination or iron content were related to task performance. This was the case using different analysis methods (voxel-based quantification, partial correlations), when whole brain, hippocampal regions of interest, and posterior:anterior hippocampal ratios were examined, and across different participant sub-groups (divided by gender and task performance). Variations in hippocampal grey matter myelin and iron levels may not, therefore, help to explain individual differences in performance on hippocampal-dependent tasks, at least in young, healthy individuals.

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