scholarly journals An Assessment of Transparency and Reproducibility-related Research Practices in Otolaryngology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin L. Johnson ◽  
Trevor Torgerson ◽  
Mason Skinner ◽  
Tom Hamilton ◽  
Daniel Tritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
English Language ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Clear Statement ◽  
Improve Patient

ABSTRACTIntroductionClinical research serves as the foundation for evidence-based patient care, and reproducibility of results is consequently critical. We sought to assess the transparency and reproducibility of research studies in otolaryngology by evaluating a random sample of publications in otolaryngology journals between 2014 and 2018.MethodsWe used the National Library of Medicine catalog to identify otolaryngology journals that met the inclusion criteria (available in the English language and indexed in MEDLINE). From these journals, we extracted a random sample of 300 publications using a PubMed search for records published between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018. Specific indicators of reproducible and transparent research practices were evaluated in a blinded, independent, and duplicate manner using a pilot-tested Google form.ResultsOur initial search returned 26,498 records, from which 300 were randomly selected for analysis. Of these 300 records, 286 met inclusion criteria and 14 did not. Among the empirical studies, 2% (95% CI, 0.4%-3.5%) of publications indicated that raw data were available, 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.6%) reported an analysis script, 5.3% (95% CI, 2.7%-7.8%) were linked to an accessible research protocol, and 3.9% (95% CI, 1.7%-6.1%) were preregistered. None of the publications had a clear statement claiming to replicate, or to be a replication of, another study.ConclusionsInadequate reproducibility practices exist in otolaryngology. Nearly all studies in our analysis lacked a data or material availability statement, did not link to an accessible protocol, and were not preregistered. Most studies were not available as open access. Taking steps to improve reproducibility would likely also improve patient care.

Abstract 11119: Real-Time Nanopore Sequencing for Bacterial Pneumonia After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, a Pilot Proof-of-Concept Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Weissman ◽  
Mariam Bramah Lawani ◽  
Thomas Rohan ◽  
Clifton W CALLAWAY
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improve Patient

Introduction: Pneumonia is common after OHCA but is difficult to diagnose in the first 72 hours following ROSC, this results in early untargeted antibiotic administration based on non-specific imaging and laboratory findings. Antibiotic resistance is rising, is influenced by untargeted antibiotic administration, and can increase patient morbidity and mortality as well as healthcare costs. Precision methods of bacterial pathogen detection in OHCA patients are needed to improve patient care. This proof-of-concept pilot study aimed to assess feasibility of bacterial pathogen sequencing and comparability of sequencing results to clinical culture after OHCA. Methods: Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were obtained from residual clinical specimens collected within 12 hours of ROSC. Bacterial DNA was extracted using the Qiagen PowerLyzer PowerSoil DNA kit, sequenced using the MinION nanopore sequencer, and analyzed with Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ EPI2ME bioinformatics software. Sequencing results were compared to culture results using McNemar’s chi-square statistic. Study-defined pneumonia was based on presence of at least two characteristics within 72 hours of ROSC: fever (temperature ≥38°C); persistent leukocytosis >15,000 or leukopenia <3,500 for 48 hours; persistent chest radiography infiltrates for 48 hours per clinical radiology read; bacterial pathogen cultured. Results: We enrolled 38 consecutive OHCA subjects: mean age 61.8 years (18.0); 16 (42%) female; 25 (66%) White, 7 (18%) Black, 6 (16%) “Other” race; 7 subjects (18%) survived and 31 (82%) died; 16 (42%) subjects had pneumonia. Sequencing results were available in 12 hours while culture results were available in 48-72 hours after collection. There was a non-significant difference in the proportion of the same pathogens identified for each method per McNemar’s chi-square: p = 0.38, difference of 0.095 (-0.095, 0.286). Conclusions: Nanopore sequencing detects pathogenic bacteria comparable to clinical microbiologic culture and in less time. This technology can produce a paradigm shift in early bacterial pathogen detection in OHCA survivors, which can improve patient care. The technology is applicable to other patient populations and for viral and fungal pathogens.

Fetal Occipital Encephalocele: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110668
Author(s):  
Amanda Hogan ◽  
Natalie Ullmer
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Occipital Encephalocele ◽  
Improve Patient

Encephaloceles are considered neural tube defects, but their exact cause is unknown. The outcome is dismal, and essential management and counseling are needed for patients. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional sonography can be used to detect encephaloceles as early as 11 weeks, assist in treatment planning, and improve patient care. This case report presents an occipital encephalocele diagnosed by sonography and followed until delivery.

scholarly journals Using patient-reported outcome measurement to improve patient care

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Øvretveit ◽  
Lisa Zubkoff ◽  
Eugene C Nelson ◽  
Susan Frampton ◽  
Janne Lehmann Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Improve Patient

Developing the use of digital recording of consultations to improve patient care

BMJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 348 (apr03 1) ◽  
pp. g2427-g2427
Author(s):  
J. Burgess ◽  
M. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Digital Recording ◽  
Improve Patient
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