Responsiveness of Driving Curriculum Provision to Efficient Driving Training: Survey into Contemporary Driving Practices in Ethiopia

This research focused on investigating curricular efficiency in drivers’ training to ensure risk-free driving. Issues of concern were efficiency of the driving curriculum with respect to clarity in expected learning outcomes, pedagogic provisions and assessment. Interpretive research design was used to give shape to the data collection and analysis. Data were collected in the form of experiential and archival reflections. Accordingly, experiences in planning, implementing and assessing drivers’ training curricula and implementation strategies were looked into. Data were collected from seven institutions providing drivers’ training in Asella (n=3) and Adama (n=4) Towns of Ethiopia, selected through purposive sampling. The findings indicated that, the drivers’ training was largely based on a short-span provision which was far below the standard to ensure in-depth practices. The curricular materials lacked well-organized components with regard to clear statement of learning outcomes, organization of contents and skills, clarity in role-orientation, and depth in assessment. Moreover, the psychological consideration to individual differences among trainees, awareness about would-be customers and coping strategies for risks in time of accidents were less stressed. Though technical aspects of handling vehicles were well-grounded, awareness about the community with respect to road-safety was minimal. Team-works among concerned stakeholders to boost drivers’ understanding and skills were also non-existent.

مصطلح الحلال في القرآن الكريم: دراسة موضوعية تحليلية

Islamic law permitted and encouraged Muslims to benefit from ḥalāl (permissible) things. Violation of ḥalāl guidance provided in the Qurʾān contradicts with Islamic teachings. The research investigates the terminology of ḥalāl and all its derivatives in the Noble Qurʾān. The study also researches ḥalāl expressions and then extracts its legislative guidances using inductive and deductive analytical methods. The research concludes that the concept of “ḥalāl” with its various derivations is mentioned in the Qurʾān thirty-seven times in several contexts, such as talking about good things, food, fasting, marriage, divorce, inheritance, trade, pilgrimage, sacrifices, hunting, fishing, fatwas, and legislation. Among expressions related to ḥalāl are: expression of there is no sin; expression of there is “no charge a self except its capacity”; expression of ease; and expression of emergency and purity. The ḥalāl verses pointed out that: accepting Allah’s permission related to ḥalāl matters; all matters and issues in Islam are deemed to be ḥalāl unless there is a clear statement that prohibits it; enjoying the space of ḥalāl does not lead to the violation of others right; abstaining from the lawful without a legitimate justification will lead to Allah’s wrath; extravagance in the lawful is a breach to Allah’s rules; only Allah has the full authority for legislation; the permissibility of the sacrifices made by the People of the Book and marrying their chaste women, the permissibility of consuming all animals dwelling on land unless there is a clear statement that prohibits; slaughtering land animals has to be in accordance with Islamic law, the permissibility of consumption of aquatic animals, alive or dead, regardless of the period (whether during pilgrimage or not), etc.

Regulating South Africa’s retirement funds: The case for clearer objectives

The rationale for the regulation of participants in financial markets, like retirement funds, is sound. It would be strengthened, however, by a clear statement of the objectives of such regulation. In this article the position is taken that the objectives underpinning the regulation of South African privately-managed retirement funds should be enhanced. It presents this argument with reference to international principles concerning systems of old-age provision, and to the examples of regulations in other jurisdictions. It recommends a set of practical regulatory objectives in the pursuit of efficiency, sustainability, coverage, adequacy and security of provision for old age.

Improving High-Level Thinking Skills in Students Through Powtoon-Based Animation Video Media

Students are less able to optimize higher-order thinking skills. There are still many students who are confused in working on problems related to higher thinking skills. This paper provides a template for preparing papers for electronic production of the Journal of Education Technology. A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 150 to 250 words in length. The abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those already present in the title. Judicious use of keywords may increase the ease with which interested parties can locate our article.

Secular stagnation and Google Trends – can we find out what people think?

The main aim of the study was to verify the thesis that the US economy is measured against the spectre of secular stagnation by determining the mood of American society using Google Trends. While performing the analysis, the authors used data on the American market for the years 2004-2018. The study comprised 42 entries, including 19 entries from the category “social” and 23 entries from the category “financial”. The analyses do not allow for a clear statement that the US economy is facing the spectre of secular stagnation, but they allow us to formulate the observation that the mood of the society is moderately pessimistic, which undoubtedly translates into economic activity and may be the cause of the persisting economic stagnation.

Model Unity and the Unity of Consciousness: Developments in Expected Float Entropy Minimisation

The unity of consciousness, or, more precisely, phenomenal unity, is an important property of consciousness and an important area of research in mathematical consciousness science and the scientific study of consciousness. Due to the numerous aspects and complexity of consciousness, the property tends to engender loose or inadequate characterizations. In this article, we introduce the concept and mathematical formulation of model unity. A system has model unity if a single relational model, stretched across the whole system, is optimal. Alternatively, model unity may only be present for subsystems, although there may still be unity at some higher level. As a development in the theory of expected float entropy minimisation, such relational models provide an interpretation of system states and the theory may help to provide insights into questions such as why experience of the visual field is unified and why different people do not have a unified consciousness, for example. This article constitutes a relatively small initial study of model unity. Four investigations were undertaken and are given as examples. A postulate is also given, distilling the foundations of EFE minimisation into a clear statement allowing others to consider whether or not the postulate identifies a self-evident fundamental property of consciousness.

Definition of character for medical education based on the expert opinion in Korea

Purpose: As a follow-up study, it focused on 3 overarching questions: first, what kind of keywords can be extracted from the experts’ definitions of character?; second, what is the operational definition of character for medical students?; and third, what are the possible solutions suggested to the issues of character education that were found in the previous study? Methods: Sixty-three medical education experts through expert sampling method and an addition of 19 non-medical education experts through snowball sampling method answered the questionnaire. It consisted of 3 major questions of the study. The responses were analyzed for descriptive statistics with supplementary keyword extraction tools including Cortical and Monkey keyword extractor. Results: A total of 93 statements of definition were counted, and a total of 138 keyword terms were extracted. The top 5 keyword terms mentioned by the medical education experts were 'patient', 'empathy', 'qualities', 'attitude', and 'ability'. These keyword terms were quite different from the keywords mentioned by the non-medical education expert group. Based on the extracted keywords, an operational definition of character education by the medical education expert group was presented as follows: The basic qualities and ability to empathize with the patient's illness based on respect for patients and others. Various methods were proposed to solve the issue of character education, and many of them pointed to curriculum development, such as improvement of teaching and learning methods and evaluation methods, including role modeling.Conclusion: A clear statement of the concept of character education is the start to resolve issues of character education. Character education improvements will be possible at the institutional level according to the above results.

Fundamentals of jurisprudence of Sheikh Al-Shirazi in matters of command: الاعتراضات الأصولية لأبي إسحاق الشيرازي في مباحث الأمر

The present study aimed at identifying the views of Sheikh Al-Shirazi on the fundamentals of jurisprudence related to matters of command and his objections to his opponents through his books. To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher relied on analytical method as a research methodology. After addressing the topics of the study in its general framework, the researcher reached many conclusions, including: Sheikh Al-Shirazi objected to many scholars of Usul al-Fiqh regarding matters of the command, and he has several methods of objection in this regard, including: the clear statement by mentioning the names of some of his opponents, such as Abu al-Qasim al-Balkhi, and the method of indicating without mentioning names of others such as saying: Some of the Shaafa'is, some of the companions of Abu Hanifa, and some Mu'tazilites said. The expressions of objections that al-Shirazi used against the scholars of Usul al-Fiqh in matters of command were mentioned from his books such as (Al-Lama - Al-Tabasrah) saying: “This is not correct” and the word “This is wrong” and “this is false”. Among the objections of Sheikh Al-Shirazi is that he does not agree with the condition of having will in command, and according to him the issue of the command requires immediate and delay is a mistake for him and the correct one is does the command require immediate?. And that duty is given to the minimum that the name applies to, such as the required amount in bowing and prostrating.

Catalonia

This chapter presents the first case study, Catalonia. By the mid 2010s, the traditional autonomism of Catalan nationalism had become a minority position. The basic argument of the chapter is that Catalonia’s autonomy within Spain, at least since 2010, is static, which means Catalans consider there is little chance that the current system can adapt to their national identity and take into consideration their evolving collective interests. The 2010 Spanish Constitutional Court’s judgment, that invalidated and narrowly interpreted many articles of the reform to the Catalan Stature of Autonomy negotiated four years earlier between the Catalan and Spanish governments, represented a clear statement of the static nature of Catalan autonomy. That statement generated mounting pressures by civil society on nationalist parties, particularly CiU, to adopt clear secessionist positions. The status quo and secession seem to be the only two possible constitutional options, and defending the status quo for Catalonia’s nationalist parties was an untenable political and electoral position. As such, the Catalan secessionist turn involved CiU’s own secessionist turn. As the Catalan government embarked on a process of self-determination, the Spanish state responded by declaring any independence referendum, as well as the act of secession itself, unconstitutional. In so doing, the Spanish state reaffirmed that Catalonia’s autonomy was static insofar as no Catalan political act could trigger a progressive change in the powers of the Generalitat. This stance consolidated the new secessionist pathway of Catalan nationalism.

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

In the process of development of the chemical industry, due to the inclusion of new processes and innovative developments, often the environmental interests of society become of paramount importance, since recently the problems of environmental pollution have been increasingly exacerbated, therefore the main trend in solving this problem is a clear statement of the problem of management environmental risks of the chemical industry. This policy should be implemented within the framework of the environmental management system, which includes the stages of planning, organizing and implementing environmental activities.