scholarly journals A Standard Virus Load Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hillen
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Virus Dynamics ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Load Function

AbstractThe idea is to design a simple function that can describe typical virus-load curves without solving a full virus load dynamic model. We present such a standard virus load function and validate it on data from influenza A as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection data for Macaque monkeys and humans. Further, we compare the virus load function to an established target model of virus dynamics as presented by A. Smith in [1]. This virus-load function can be used as input to higher level models for the physiological effects of a virus infection, for models for tissue damage, and to develop treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Personalized Virus Load Curves of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hillen ◽  
Carlos Contreras ◽  
Jay M. Newby
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Load Function ◽  
Load Analysis ◽  
Intuitive Model

AbstractWe introduce an explicit function that describes virus-load curves on a patient-specific level. This function is based on simple and intuitive model parameters. It allows virus load analysis without solving a full virus load dynamic model. We validate our model on data from influenza A as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection data for Macaque monkeys and humans. Further, we compare the virus load function to an established target model of virus dynamics, which shows an excellent fit. Our virus-load function offers a new way to analyse patient virus load data, and it can be used as input to higher level models for the physiological effects of a virus infection, for models of tissue damage, and to estimate patient risks.

scholarly journals Personalized Virus Load Curves of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hillen ◽  
Carlos Contreras ◽  
Jay M. Newby
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Load Function ◽  
Load Analysis ◽  
Intuitive Model

AbstractWe introduce an explicit function that describes virus-load curves on a patient-specific level. This function is based on simple and intuitive model parameters. It allows virus load analysis without solving a full virus load dynamic model. We validate our model on data from influenza A as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection data for Macaque monkeys and humans. Further, we compare the virus load function to an established target model of virus dynamics, which shows an excellent fit. Our virus-load function offers a new way to analyse patient virus load data, and it can be used as input to higher level models for the physiological effects of a virus infection, for models of tissue damage, and to estimate patient risks.

scholarly journals Personalized Virus Load Curves for Acute Viral Infections

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Carlos Contreras ◽  
Jay M. Newby ◽  
Thomas Hillen
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Target Model ◽  
Load Function ◽  
Specific Virus

We introduce an explicit function that describes virus-load curves on a patient-specific level. This function is based on simple and intuitive model parameters. It allows virus load analysis of acute viral infections without solving a full virus load dynamic model. We validate our model on data from mice influenza A, human rhinovirus data, human influenza A data, and monkey and human SARS-CoV-2 data. We find wide distributions for the model parameters, reflecting large variability in the disease outcomes between individuals. Further, we compare the virus load function to an established target model of virus dynamics, and we provide a new way to estimate the exponential growth rates of the corresponding infection phases. The virus load function, the target model, and the exponential approximations show excellent fits for the data considered. Our virus-load function offers a new way to analyze patient-specific virus load data, and it can be used as input for higher level models for the physiological effects of a virus infection, for models of tissue damage, and to estimate patient risks.

Impact of influenza virus during pregnancy: from disease severity to vaccine efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Ana Vazquez-Pagan ◽  
Rebekah Honce ◽  
Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
The Impact

Pregnant women are among the individuals at the highest risk for severe influenza virus infection. Infection of the mother during pregnancy increases the probability of adverse fetal outcomes such as small for gestational age, preterm birth and fetal death. Animal models of syngeneic and allogeneic mating can recapitulate the increased disease severity observed in pregnant women and are used to define the mechanism(s) of that increased severity. This review focuses on influenza A virus pathogenesis, the unique immunological landscape during pregnancy, the impact of maternal influenza virus infection on the fetus and the immune responses at the maternal–fetal interface. Finally, we summarize the importance of immunization and antiviral treatment in this population and highlight issues that warrant further investigation.

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