Nature and dimensions of the cytokine storm and its attenuation by convalescent plasma in severe COVID-19
SummaryTo characterize key components and dynamics of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19 disease, we assessed abundance and correlative expression of a panel of forty eight cytokines in patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as compared to patients with mild disease. Then in a randomized control trial on convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) in COVID-19 ARDS, we analyzed the immediate effects of CPT on the dynamics of the cytokine storm as a correlate for the level of hypoxia experienced by the patients. Plasma level of monocyte chemotactic protein 3 was found to be a key correlate for clinical improvement, irrespective of therapy received. We also identified a hitherto unappreciated anti-inflammatory role of CPT independent of its neutralizing antibody content. Neutralizing antibodies as well as reductions in circulating interleukin-6 and interferon gamma induced protein 10, both contributed to marked immediate reductions in hypoxia in severe COVID-19 patients receiving CPT.Abstract Figure