scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Uses CD4 to Infect T Helper Lymphocytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo G. Davanzo ◽  
Ana C. Codo ◽  
Natalia S. Brunetti ◽  
Vinciusi O. Boldrini ◽  
Thiago L. Knittel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Helper Cells ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects the lungs and may cause several immune-related complications such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality . The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is not fully understood. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS- CoV-2 in T helper cells in a mechanism that also requires ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Once inside T helper cells, SARS-CoV-2 assembles viral factories, impairs cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2 infected T helper cells express higher amounts of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may explain the poor adaptive immune response of many COVID- 19 patients.

scholarly journals CD4+ T Helper Cells Play a Key Role in Maintaining Diabetogenic CD8+ T Cell Function in the Pancreas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Espinosa-Carrasco ◽  
Cécile Le Saout ◽  
Pierre Fontanaud ◽  
Thomas Stratmann ◽  
Patrice Mollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Cells ◽  
T Cell Function

scholarly journals Lack of enhanced T-helper cell function in uremic patients with circulating alloreactive antibodies.

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1441-1450
Author(s):  
A Shoker ◽  
R Miller ◽  
R Uldall ◽  
E Friedman ◽  
S Angra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Blood Lymphocyte ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
T Helper Cell ◽  
Helper Cell ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Helper Cells ◽  
Uremic Patients

Some uremic patients with a history of blood transfusion, pregnancy, and previous transplantation maintain high levels of alloreactive cytotoxic antibodies in the absence of continuous exogenous allogenic stimuli and are thus considered sensitized to the major histocompatibility proteins. To differentiate into antibody-producing cells, B lymphocytes must interact with T-helper (CD4+) cells. Whether ongoing help from these cells is necessary for the B cells to continue producing cytotoxic alloreactive antibodies in these sensitized uremic patients is unknown. To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms that are associated with sustained alloantibody production, T cell activation markers were measured and specific and nonspecific T-helper cell function was studied in three uremic groups with different levels of panel reactive antibodies: 10 patients whose sera reacted to more than 80% of a panel of normal lymphocytes for at least 6 months before the study were highly sensitized, 20 patients whose sera reacted to less than 80% of the panel were moderately sensitized, and 10 nonsensitized patients whose sera did not react to any cell on the panel. The number of total and activated T-helper cells was similar in the highly sensitized and nonsensitized patients. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation in response to plant lectins, soluble OKT3, or alloantigens was similar in the three uremic groups. The spontaneous proliferation of pure T-helper cells and proliferative responses to immobilized OKT3 or alloantigens were also similar in highly sensitized and nonsensitized patients. Alloreactive interleukin-2-producing cell frequencies with pure CD4+ cells as responding cells were 771 +/- 77.9/10(6) cells in highly sensitized, 945 +/- 252/10(6) cells in nonsensitized, and 973 +/- 114/10(6) cells in controls (P = not significant). Panel reactive antibody levels did not correlate with any of the measures of T helper responses. There was a significant decrease of peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to alloantigens and anti-CD3 antibody in all uremic patients as compared with normals, suggesting a dysfunction in accessory cells that was quantitatively similar in sensitized and nonsensitized patients. In spite of the continuous production of alloantibodies by B cells, there is no evidence of either specific or nonspecific enhancement of T-helper cell function in sensitized patients. The absence of T cell immunity to alloantigens suggests that sustained activation of T-helper cells with subsequent interleukin-2 production is not necessary to maintain alloreactive B cell function.

FOLLICULAR T-HELPER LYMPHOCYTES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN CANCER

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-830
Author(s):  
Liliya Lyapunova ◽  
Lyubov Tashireva ◽  
Vladimir Perelmuter
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
T Helper Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper Lymphocytes ◽  
Helper Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Follicular T Helper Cells

The variety of cells, which are presented in the tumor microenvironment complicate comprehension of their effects. The population of T-helper lymphocytes has also expressed heterogeneity. However it becomes clearer that effects of separate cells are defined by their role in formation together with other participants the corresponding type of immuno-inflammatory reaction in a microenvironment. The follicular T-helper lymphocytes that are in tumor both in the structure of the tertiary lymphoid structures that have the architectonics of the lymph node and outside of them are not an exception. This review presents the history of discovery follicular T-helper cells population and stages of their maturation, describes feature of phenotype and considers heterogeneity inside subset of these cells. Furthermore the data about correlation between follicular T-helper cells and tumor disease are presented.

Type I Interferons promote maintenance and function of follicular T helper cells in vitro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ehrlich ◽  
K Wild ◽  
M Smits ◽  
K Zoldan ◽  
M Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Cells ◽  
Follicular T Helper Cells ◽  
And Function
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document