scholarly journals Joint evolution of mycorrhizal type, pollination, and seed dispersal mode in trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamawo ◽  
Misuzu Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
Dispersal Mode ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Pollination Mode ◽  
Joint Evolution

AbstractMycorrhizal type, pollination, and seed dispersal mode are key drivers of tree diversity, but because they are usually studied in isolation, their evolutionary relationships are poorly understood. We investigated the evolutionary relationships among mycorrhizal type (arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM], ectomycorrhizal [EM], and AM + EM), seed dispersal mode (anemochorous, endozoochorous, and unspecialized), and pollination mode (biotic and wind) in 821 tree species. We found evidence of joint evolution of all three features. Most AM-associated trees had endozoochorous seed dispersal and biotic pollination, whereas most EM-associated trees had anemochorous seed dispersal and wind pollination. Overall, mycorrhizal type, seed dispersal mode, and pollination mode were linked, emphasizing the importance joint study of these traits for understand of tree diversity.

scholarly journals Integrating plant species contribution to mycorrhizal and seed dispersal mutualistic networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 20180770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Correia ◽  
Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría ◽  
Sérgio Timóteo ◽  
Helena Freitas ◽  
Ruben Heleno
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Population Dynamics ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Seed Dispersers ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Common Plant

Mutualistic interactions like those established between plants and mycorrhizal fungi or seed dispersers are key drivers of plant population dynamics and ecosystem functioning; however, these interactions have rarely been explored together. We assembled a tripartite fungi–plant–disperser network in the Gorongosa National Park—Mozambique, to test (1) if diversity and importance of plant mutualists above- and belowground are correlated, and (2) whether biotically and abiotically dispersed plants are associated with distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We quantified seed dispersal by animals for 1 year and characterized the AMF of 26 common plant species. Sixteen plant species were dispersed by 15 animals and colonized by 48 AMF virtual taxa (VT), while the remaining 10 plant species were not dispersed by animals and associated with 34 AMF VT. We found no evidence for a correlation between the number of plant partners above- and belowground or on plant specialization on both types of partners. We also found no evidence for differentiation of AMF communities between biotically and abiotically dispersed plants. Our results suggest that the establishment of plant interactions with seed dispersers and mycorrhizal fungi is largely independent and that both biotically and abiotically dispersed plants seem to associate with similar communities of AMF.

scholarly journals Non-symbiotic soil microbes are more strongly influenced by altered tree biodiversity than arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during initial forest establishment

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake J Grossman ◽  
Allen J Butterfield ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Sarah E Hobbie ◽  
Peter B Reich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Fungal Abundance

ABSTRACT While the relationship between plant and microbial diversity has been well studied in grasslands, less is known about similar relationships in forests, especially for obligately symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. To assess the effect of varying tree diversity on microbial alpha- and beta-diversity, we sampled soil from plots in a high-density tree diversity experiment in Minnesota, USA, 3 years after establishment. About 3 of 12 tree species are AM hosts; the other 9 primarily associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used phospho- and neutral lipid fatty acid analysis to characterize the biomass and functional identity of the whole soil bacterial and fungal community and high throughput sequencing to identify the species-level richness and composition of the AM fungal community. We found that plots of differing tree composition had different bacterial and fungal communities; plots with conifers, and especially Juniperus virginiana, had lower densities of several bacterial groups. In contrast, plots with a higher density or diversity of AM hosts showed no sign of greater AM fungal abundance or diversity. Our results indicate that early responses to plant diversity vary considerably across microbial groups, with AM fungal communities potentially requiring longer timescales to respond to changes in host tree diversity.

Regional context and dispersal mode drive the impact of landscape structure on seed dispersal

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam San‐José ◽  
Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge A. Meave
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Dispersal Mode ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evolution of Fruit Traits in Ficus Subgenus Sycomorus (Moraceae): To What Extent Do Frugivores Determine Seed Dispersal Mode?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e38432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhett D. Harrison ◽  
Nina Rønsted ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Jean-Yves Rasplus ◽  
Astrid Cruaud
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Dispersal Mode
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