Relationship of sleep homeostasis to seizures and cognition in children with focal epilepsy

AbstractObjectiveSleep disruption and cognitive impairment are important co-morbidities in childhood epilepsy, yet a mechanistic link has not been substantiated. Slow wave activity during sleep and its homeostatic decrease across the night is associated with synaptic renormalisation, and shows maturational changes over the course of childhood. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of epilepsy on sleep homeostasis in the developing brain.MethodsWe examined the relationship of sleep homeostasis as reflected in slow wave activity to seizures, cognition and behaviour, comparing 22 children (aged 6 to 16 years) with focal epilepsy to 21 age-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent overnight sleep EEG and IQ testing and performed memory consolidation tasks. Their parents completed standard behavioural questionnaires.ResultsChildren with epilepsy had lower slow wave activity at the start of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, though similar overnight decline and slow wave activity in the final hour of NREM sleep. Both groups displayed an antero-posterior shift in peak slow wave activity overnight, though individual patients showed persistent local increases at scalp locations matching those of focal interictal discharges. Patients who had seizures during their admission had lower early-night slow wave activity, the group without seizures showing similar activity to controls. We found a positive correlation between full scale IQ and early-night slow wave activity in patients but not controls.InterpretationReduced early night slow wave activity in children with focal epilepsies is correlated with lower cognitive ability and more seizures and may reflect a reduction in learning-related synaptic potentiation.

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0321 Increased Slow-Wave Activity Predicts Slower Processing Speed in Toddlers

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A122-A122

Author(s):

A E Waddle ◽

S Kurth ◽

J Harsh ◽

J M Lassonde ◽

D Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Time Course ◽

Spectral Power ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Slow-wave activity (SWA) shows an inverted U-shaped time course during development. Specifically, maximal SWA undergoes a posteroanterior shift from 2 to 20 years of age, which may reflect cortical maturation. Previously, we showed that greater slow sigma power during sleep predicted faster reaction time in preschool-aged children. To date, little is known about the relationship between SWA and processing speed (PS), a basic fundament underlying complex cognitive skills in early development. Methods This project examined the relationship between SWA and PS in 2.5-3.0-year-old children (n=26, 50% males) via home-based assessments. After a 5-day stabilization sleep schedule, a baseline sleep EEG recording was performed on participants at 4 electrode placements: Fz, Oz, C3, and C4. SWA EEG spectral power was quantified in the 0.75-4.5 Hz rangeduring the first 60 minutes of NREM sleep. PS was obtained as part of a standard cognitive assessment via a computer-based task one hour after waking from a midday nap. Results On average, reaction time (PS) was 2111 ± 08 ms and SWA was 856.4 ± 300.7 µV2/Hz. Increased SWA in the occipital region was predictive of a longer reaction time and therefore slower PS (r = 0.44, p = 0.03). This relationship showed differences between sexes, suggesting that females (r = 0.26, p = 0.07) may show a stronger association between SWA in the occipital brain region and PS than males (r = 0.09, p = 0.33). Conclusion Interestingly, these findings contradict our hypothesis based on previous data with older children indicating that greater SWA was associated with more advanced behavioral and cognitive skills. This discrepancy may reflect the stark individual differences present within this rapidly maturing age group. Support Research support from NIH R01-MH086566 to MKL.

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K-complexes and slow wave activity during nrem sleep in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.337 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. e115-e116

Author(s):

M. Gorgoni ◽

F. Reda ◽

G. Lauri ◽

I. Truglia ◽

S. Cordone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity

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Slow-wave activity arising from the same area as epileptiform activity in the EEG of paediatric patients with focal epilepsy

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2004.07.032 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Bart Vanrumste ◽

Richard D. Jones ◽

Philip J. Bones ◽

Grant J. Carroll

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Focal Epilepsy ◽

Epileptiform Activity ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Paediatric Patients

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The relationship between slow wave activity increase across acute and chronic sleep loss and vigilance impairments

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. e210

Author(s):

A. Maric ◽

C. Lustenberger ◽

E. Werth ◽

C.R. Baumann ◽

R. Poryazova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Sleep Loss ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Activity Increase ◽

The Relationship ◽

Chronic Sleep

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Dynamics of Slow-Wave Activity During the NREM Sleep of Sleepwalkers and Control Subjects

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/23.6.1d ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Hélène Gaudreau ◽

Steve Joncas ◽

Antonio Zadra ◽

Jacques Montplaisir

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Control Subjects ◽

And Control

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The Relationship Between Slow-wave Activity, Body Temperature, and Cardiac Activity During Nighttime Sleep

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/24.3.343 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 343-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Helen J. Burgess ◽

Alexandra L. Holmes ◽

Drew Dawson

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Cardiac Activity ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Nighttime Sleep ◽

The Relationship

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Age-related changes in slow wave activity rise time and NREM sleep EEG with and without zolpidem in healthy young and older adults

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2014.05.007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1037-1045 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Evan D. Chinoy ◽

Danielle J. Frey ◽

Daniel N. Kaslovsky ◽

Francois G. Meyer ◽

Kenneth P. Wright

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Slow Wave ◽

Rise Time ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Sleep Eeg ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

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Reduced sleep pressure in young children with autism

10.1101/706135 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ayelet Arazi ◽

Gal Meiri ◽

Dor Danan ◽

Analya Michaelovski ◽

Hagit Flusser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Slow Wave ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Wave Activity ◽

Slow Wave Activity ◽

Sleep Regulation ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Sleep Homeostasis

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep disturbances and insomnia are highly prevalent in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Sleep homeostasis, a fundamental mechanism of sleep regulation that generates pressure to sleep as a function of wakefulness, has not been studied in children with ASD so far, and its potential contribution to their sleep disturbances remains unknown. Here, we examined whether slow wave activity (SWA), a measure that is indicative of sleep pressure, differs in children with ASD.MethodsIn this case-control study, we compared overnight electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings that were performed during Polysomnography (PSG) evaluations of 29 children with ASD and 23 typically developing children.ResultsChildren with ASD exhibited significantly weaker SWA power, shallower SWA slopes, and a decreased proportion of slow wave sleep in comparison to controls. This difference was largest during the first two hours following sleep onset and decreased gradually thereafter. Furthermore, SWA power of children with ASD was significantly, negatively correlated with the time of their sleep onset in the lab and at home, as reported by parents.ConclusionsThese results suggest that children with ASD may have a dysregulation of sleep homeostasis that is manifested in reduced sleep pressure. The extent of this dysregulation in individual children was apparent in the amplitude of their SWA power, which was indicative of the severity of their individual sleep disturbances. We, therefore, suggest that disrupted homeostatic sleep regulation may contribute to sleep disturbances in children with ASD.Statement of significanceSleep disturbances are apparent in 40-80% of children with autism. Homeostatic sleep regulation, a mechanism that increases the pressure to sleep as a function of prior wakefulness, has not been studied in children with autism. Here, we compared Polysomnography exams of 29 children with autism and 23 matched controls. We found that children with autism exhibited reduced slow-wave-activity power and shallower slopes, particularly during the first two hours of sleep. This suggests that they develop less pressure to sleep. Furthermore, the reduction in slow-wave-activity was associated with the severity of sleep disturbances as observed in the laboratory and as reported by parents. We, therefore, suggest that disrupted homeostatic sleep regulation may contribute to sleep disturbances of children with autism.

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