Evaluation of microbial diversification mechanisms in legume-based mixed cropping systems with different legume species and types of fertilizer management

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1101/2020.12.09.416966 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akari Kimura ◽

Yoshitaka Uchida

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Common Bean ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Mixed Cropping ◽

Legume Species ◽

Velvet Bean ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Bacterial

AbstractBiodiversity loss is becoming a global concern due to its negative impact on services associated with the ecosystem. For agricultural soil to maintain these multi-services, the conservation of soil microbial diversity is of utmost importance. Mixed cropping systems involve the utilisation of multiple crop species on the field as well as the diversification of aboveground plants, although several contradicting results have been reported regarding their impacts on soil microbial diversity. Therefore, for the evaluation of the impact of different leguminous species used in mixed cropping systems as well as types of fertilizer on the diversity of soil microbes, a pot study was performed under maize/legume mixed cropping systems with one of three legumes, including cowpea (Vigna unguiculate (L.) Walp.), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as well as one of three types of fertilizer treatments, namely chemical fertilizer (CF), carbonised chicken manure (CM), or the lack of fertilizer (Ctr). 16S rRNA analyses were conducted using the soils sampled from each pot for soil bacterial diversity assessment. Concerning the results, a decrease in the microbial diversity after CM application was shown by the soil with velvet bean + maize (MM) when compared to the Ctr treatment, while an increase in the microbial diversity was shown by the soil with common bean + maize (PM) under the same condition. In case of the CM application, the abundance of treatment-unique bacteria increased in the PM treatment, although their decrease was observed for the MM treatment. In contrast, the abundance of dominant microbes, including Thaumarchaeota was significantly lower in PM but higher in MM when the CM was applied. Legume species-dependent factors, including nutrient absorption and root exudate composition might be important concerning soil bacterial diversities. For the conservation of soil microbial diversity with mixed cropping, the interaction effect of legume species and fertilizer type should be considered in future studies.

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Evaluation of Microbial Diversity, Community Composition and Function in Mixed Cropping Systems Using Three Legume Species Under the Application of Biochar or Chemical Fertiliser

10.21203/rs.3.rs-695338/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akari Kimura ◽

Yoshitaka Uchida

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Common Bean ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Mixed Cropping ◽

Legume Species ◽

Functional Prediction ◽

Velvet Bean ◽

Prediction Analysis ◽

Soil Bacterial ◽

Chemical Fertiliser

Abstract Mixed cropping systems involve utilising multiple crop species on the field and diversifying aboveground plants. However, several contradicting results have been reported regarding their effects on soil microbial diversity. Therefore, to evaluate the effects of different leguminous species used in mixed cropping systems and the types of fertiliser on the diversity of soil microbes, a pot study was performed under maize/legume mixed cropping systems with one of three legumes, including cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.] and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) , and one of three types of fertiliser treatments, namely chemical fertiliser (CF), carbonised chicken manure (CM) or the lack of fertiliser (Ctr). 16S rRNA analyses were conducted using the soils sampled from each pot for soil bacterial diversity assessment, and Tax4Fun2 was used for bacterial functional prediction analysis. A decrease in microbial diversity after CM application was observed in the soil with velvet bean + maize (MM) compared to the Ctr treatment, whereas an increase in microbial diversity was observed in the soil with common bean + maize (PM) in the same condition. With CM application, the abundance of treatment-unique bacteria increased with PM treatment, whereas their decrease was observed with MM treatment. In contrast, the abundance of dominant microbes, including Thaumarchaeota, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia, was significantly lower in PM but higher in MM after CM application. Functional prediction analysis indicated that the dominant bacteria were involved in CM decomposition processes and nitrification in MM treatment. Legume species-dependent factors, including nutrient absorption and root exudate composition, might be important concerning soil bacterial diversities.

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TRFLP Analysis of the Effect of a Forest-to-Gap Ectone on Soil Microbial Diversity

10.28971/142014sr93 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Ronald Smith

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽

Dna Fragments ◽

Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Bacterial

To investigate how soil microbial diversity is influenced by the formation of an experimental edge-creating gap within a southern New England oak-hickory forest, I used a molecular fingerprinting technique known as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP). Sequence variability in the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene in soil bacterial communities is detected by differences in the length and abundance of fragments produced by digesting PCR products amplified from rRNA genes. The different patterns observed are assumed to represent unique phylotypes. How does the forest-gap ecotone influence soil bacterial diversity? Based on other studies, I hypothesized that the edge would contain the most diverse bacterial community, followed by the gap, and as distance from the gap into the forest increased, bacterial diversity would decrease. Soil samples were collected along 40m transects perpendicular to the northern edge of the gap. DNA was extracted from each sample, PCR was used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene, and DNA fragments were cut by restriction enzyme digestion and separated via electrophoresis. The DNA fragments were analyzed by TRFLP. Environmental variables (soil pH, soil temperature and soil gravimetric moisture) were different in the gap compared to all other distances, but not significantly so. Phylotype richness and diversity (Simpson’s index) was greatest at the edge. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) produced a phylotype-by-distance ordination that supports my hypothesis and shows that the edge is an ecotone (transitional zone) between the gap and forest.

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Near-natural transformation of Pinus tabuliformis better improve soil nutrients and soil microbial community

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12098

Author(s):

You Yin ◽

Qiuli Li ◽

Haitao Du

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Natural Transformation ◽

Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Pinus Tabuliformis ◽

Soil Bacterial

Pinus tabulaeformis plantations have been established around northern China to restore degraded land and provide timber or fuelwood. In recent years, widely distributed monoculture P. tabulaeformis forests have been transformed into mixed forests due to various ecological problems. However, the current research on the influence of near-natural transformation of P. tabulaeformis on soil microbial diversity and community composition remains limited. Therefore, we examined the effect of forest conversion from monoculture Pinus tabuliformis (PT) to P. tabuliformis-Armeniaca vulgaris (PTAU), P. tabuliformis - Robinia pseudoacacia (PTRP), P. tabuliformis - Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla (PTVN) forests on soil microbial community diversity and composition. The results indicated that compared to PT, PTAU, PTVN, and PTRP could enhance the soil pH, TC, TN, AN, and AK in different degrees, the most obvious in PTAU. Near-natural transformation of P. tabuliformis could improve soil bacterial Pielou_e index, and Simpson index, as well as soil fungal Chao1 index. Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the dominant soil microbial community at the phylum level. What’s more, both soil bacterial and fungal community among PT, PTAU, PTRP and PTVN showed clear different, and PTAU obviously altered the soil microbial community structure. Proteobacteria was the predominant group in PT, while, Gemmatimonadetes enriched in PTVN. Ascomycota was the predominant group in PTAU, while, Basidiomycota was the predominant group in PTRP. Near-natural transformation of P. tabuliformis could change soil microbial community via altering soil characteristics. In brief, our research results revealed the influence of tree composition and soil nutrient availability on soil microbial diversity and composition, and provided management guidance for introduction soil microbial community in forest protection and management.

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Cropping systems with higher organic carbon promote soil microbial diversity

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2021.107521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 107521

Author(s):

Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani ◽

Mohammad Bahram ◽

Rahele Ghanbari Moheb Seraj ◽

Daniyal Gohar ◽

Masoud Tohidfar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Microbial

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Improvement of Soil Microbial Diversity through Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Its Evaluation by -Omics Approaches: A Perspective for the Environment, Food Quality and Human Safety

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9071400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1400

Author(s):

Marta Bertola ◽

Andrea Ferrarini ◽

Giovanna Visioli

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Food Quality ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Well Being ◽

Plant Health ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Biodiversity ◽

Soil Microbial

Soil is one of the key elements for supporting life on Earth. It delivers multiple ecosystem services, which are provided by soil processes and functions performed by soil biodiversity. In particular, soil microbiome is one of the fundamental components in the sustainment of plant biomass production and plant health. Both targeted and untargeted management of soil microbial communities appear to be promising in the sustainable improvement of food crop yield, its nutritional quality and safety. –Omics approaches, which allow the assessment of microbial phylogenetic diversity and functional information, have increasingly been used in recent years to study changes in soil microbial diversity caused by agronomic practices and environmental factors. The application of these high-throughput technologies to the study of soil microbial diversity, plant health and the quality of derived raw materials will help strengthen the link between soil well-being, food quality, food safety and human health.

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Soil microbial diversity–biomass relationships are driven by soil carbon content across global biomes

The ISME Journal ◽

10.1038/s41396-021-00906-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Felipe Bastida ◽

David J. Eldridge ◽

Carlos García ◽

G. Kenny Png ◽

Richard D. Bardgett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Soil Microbial Diversity ◽

Soil Biodiversity ◽

Soil C ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Biomass Ratio

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and biomass has been a long standing debate in ecology. Soil biodiversity and biomass are essential drivers of ecosystem functions. However, unlike plant communities, little is known about how the diversity and biomass of soil microbial communities are interlinked across globally distributed biomes, and how variations in this relationship influence ecosystem function. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a field survey across global biomes, with contrasting vegetation and climate types. We show that soil carbon (C) content is associated to the microbial diversity–biomass relationship and ratio in soils across global biomes. This ratio provides an integrative index to identify those locations on Earth wherein diversity is much higher compared with biomass and vice versa. The soil microbial diversity-to-biomass ratio peaks in arid environments with low C content, and is very low in C-rich cold environments. Our study further advances that the reductions in soil C content associated with land use intensification and climate change could cause dramatic shifts in the microbial diversity-biomass ratio, with potential consequences for broad soil processes.

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