scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbial Diversity, Community Composition and Function in Mixed Cropping Systems Using Three Legume Species Under the Application of Biochar or Chemical Fertiliser

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Kimura ◽  
Yoshitaka Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Functional Prediction ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Prediction Analysis ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Chemical Fertiliser

Abstract Mixed cropping systems involve utilising multiple crop species on the field and diversifying aboveground plants. However, several contradicting results have been reported regarding their effects on soil microbial diversity. Therefore, to evaluate the effects of different leguminous species used in mixed cropping systems and the types of fertiliser on the diversity of soil microbes, a pot study was performed under maize/legume mixed cropping systems with one of three legumes, including cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.] and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) , and one of three types of fertiliser treatments, namely chemical fertiliser (CF), carbonised chicken manure (CM) or the lack of fertiliser (Ctr). 16S rRNA analyses were conducted using the soils sampled from each pot for soil bacterial diversity assessment, and Tax4Fun2 was used for bacterial functional prediction analysis. A decrease in microbial diversity after CM application was observed in the soil with velvet bean + maize (MM) compared to the Ctr treatment, whereas an increase in microbial diversity was observed in the soil with common bean + maize (PM) in the same condition. With CM application, the abundance of treatment-unique bacteria increased with PM treatment, whereas their decrease was observed with MM treatment. In contrast, the abundance of dominant microbes, including Thaumarchaeota, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia, was significantly lower in PM but higher in MM after CM application. Functional prediction analysis indicated that the dominant bacteria were involved in CM decomposition processes and nitrification in MM treatment. Legume species-dependent factors, including nutrient absorption and root exudate composition, might be important concerning soil bacterial diversities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of microbial diversification mechanisms in legume-based mixed cropping systems with different legume species and types of fertilizer management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Kimura ◽  
Yoshitaka Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial

AbstractBiodiversity loss is becoming a global concern due to its negative impact on services associated with the ecosystem. For agricultural soil to maintain these multi-services, the conservation of soil microbial diversity is of utmost importance. Mixed cropping systems involve the utilisation of multiple crop species on the field as well as the diversification of aboveground plants, although several contradicting results have been reported regarding their impacts on soil microbial diversity. Therefore, for the evaluation of the impact of different leguminous species used in mixed cropping systems as well as types of fertilizer on the diversity of soil microbes, a pot study was performed under maize/legume mixed cropping systems with one of three legumes, including cowpea (Vigna unguiculate (L.) Walp.), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as well as one of three types of fertilizer treatments, namely chemical fertilizer (CF), carbonised chicken manure (CM), or the lack of fertilizer (Ctr). 16S rRNA analyses were conducted using the soils sampled from each pot for soil bacterial diversity assessment. Concerning the results, a decrease in the microbial diversity after CM application was shown by the soil with velvet bean + maize (MM) when compared to the Ctr treatment, while an increase in the microbial diversity was shown by the soil with common bean + maize (PM) under the same condition. In case of the CM application, the abundance of treatment-unique bacteria increased in the PM treatment, although their decrease was observed for the MM treatment. In contrast, the abundance of dominant microbes, including Thaumarchaeota was significantly lower in PM but higher in MM when the CM was applied. Legume species-dependent factors, including nutrient absorption and root exudate composition might be important concerning soil bacterial diversities. For the conservation of soil microbial diversity with mixed cropping, the interaction effect of legume species and fertilizer type should be considered in future studies.

Coconut-gliricidia mixed cropping systems improve soil nutrients in dry and wet regions of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. S. T. Raveendra ◽  
Sarath P. Nissanka ◽  
Deepakrishna Somasundaram ◽  
Anjana J. Atapattu ◽  
Sylvanus Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Mixed Cropping

Impacts of invasive plant species on soil biodiversity: a case study of dog-strangling vine (Vincetoxicum rossicum) in a Canadian National Park

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura N. Bugiel ◽  
Stuart W. Livingstone ◽  
Marney E. Isaac ◽  
Roberta R. Fulthorpe ◽  
Adam R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Vincetoxicum Rossicum ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Soil microbial diversity is expected to be altered by the establishment of invasive plant species, such as dog-strangling vine (DSV) [Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae)]. However, in urban ecosystems where DSV invasion is high, there is little research evaluating the impacts of DSV and other anthropogenic disturbances on microbial diversity. Our study was based in Rouge National Urban Park, Canada, where we used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism data to evaluate (i) if DSV has a detectable impact on soil bacterial community composition and (ii) if these impacts occur independently of other anthropogenic change or soil characteristics. Variation in soil bacterial communities was greatly reduced in DSV-invaded sites vs. less-invaded sites. The degree of DSV invasion independently explained 23.8% of variation in bacterial community composition: a value similar to the explanatory power of proximity to roadways (which explained 22.6% of the variation in community composition), and considerably greater than soil parameters (pH, moisture, carbon, and nitrogen concentrations) which explained only between 6.0% and 10.0% of variation in bacterial community composition. Our findings indicate that DSV influences soil bacterial community composition independent of other anthropogenic disturbances and soil parameters, with potential impacts on multiple facets of plant–soil interactions and plant invasion dynamics.

scholarly journals Does the inverse farm size productivity hypothesis hold for perennial monocrop systems in developing countries? Evidence from Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Josiah Ateka ◽  
◽  
Perez Ayieko Onono-Okelo ◽  
Martin Etyang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Robust Measures

The inverse farm size and productivity relationship (IR) is a recurring theme in the literature. However, most previous studies were undertaken within a setting of mixed cropping systems. In this article, we investigate the effect of farm size on productivity within the context of a perennial monocropping system, acute competition for farmland, frequent subdivision of farms and declining yields. We apply household survey data of smallholder tea farms in western Kenya and consider both technical efficiency (TE) and the yield per hectare as indicators of productivity. The findings show that the effect of farm size on productivity is nonlinear, with TE initially declining and then rising with farm size. The findings also demonstrate that the farm size and productivity relationship is important for perennial monocrops and that the use of robust measures of productivity is important for the IR. The findings have important implications for agricultural policy in developing countries.

scholarly journals Intensity of angular leaf spot and anthracnose on pods of common beans cultivated in three cropping systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1931-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Faria Vieira ◽  
Trazilbo José de Paula Júnior ◽  
Hudson Teixeira ◽  
Clibas Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Growth Type ◽  
Independent Trial ◽  
Set Up

With the purpose to evaluate the intensity of angular leaf spot (ALS) and anthracnose (ANT) on pods, nine genotypes of common bean were planted in three cropping systems: monocrop (MC), monocrop grown on trellises (MCT), and intercrop with maize (ICM). In MC, beans were planted 0.5 m apart. Trelisses were set up with 1.8 m high bamboos and beans were sown 0.65 m apart. In ICM, beans were planted simultaneously with maize and in its rows. This cereal was sown 1.0 m apart with four plants per meter. Each cropping system was an independent trial installed close to each other. Climbing genotypes of beans most susceptible to ALS had less diseased pods in ICM than in both MC and MCT, but the less susceptible genotypes, regardless of their growth type, as well as the susceptible bush and semiclimbing genotypes, were similarly attacked by ALS in the three systems. ANT on pods of the susceptible bean cv. Pérola was less intense in MCT than in MC, and less intense in ICM than in MCT. ANT seed transmission was 11 %, 9.1 %, and 4.4 % when seeds come from MC, MCT, and ICM, respectively.

Effects of contrasted cropping systems on yield and N balance of upland rainfed rice in Madagascar: Inputs from the DSSAT model

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370
Author(s):  
Julie Dusserre ◽  
Patrice Autfray ◽  
Miora Rakotoarivelo ◽  
Tatiana Rakotoson ◽  
Louis-Marie Raboin
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Experimental Conditions

AbstractIn response to the extensive development of upland rice on the hillsides of the Malagasy highlands, alternative cropping systems have been designed based on conservation agriculture (CA). As the promotion of CA in smallholder farming systems is still the subject of debate, its potential benefits for smallholder farmers require further assessment. In the context of resource-poor farmers and low-input production systems, nitrogen (N) is a major limiting nutrient. The effects of contrasted cropping systems have been studied on upland rice yield and N uptake in rainfed conditions: conventional tillage (CT) and CA with a mulch of maize or a legume (Stylosanthes or velvet bean). Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop growth model was used to quantify the soil N balance according to the season and the cropping system. The lowest yields were obtained in CA with a mulch of maize and were also associated with the lowest crop N uptake. Upland rice yields were higher or equivalent under CA with a legume mulch than under CT cropping systems. The supply of N was considerably higher in CA with a legume mulch than in CT, but due to higher leaching and immobilization in CA, the final contribution of N from the mulch to the crop was reduced although not negligible. DSSAT has been shown to be sufficiently robust and flexible to simulate the soil N balance in contrasting cropping systems. The challenge is now to evaluate the model in less contrasted experimental conditions in order to validate its use for N uptake and yield prediction in support to the optimization and design of new cropping systems.

Cropping systems influence microbial diversity, soil quality and crop yields in Indo-Gangetic plains of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 126152
Author(s):  
S.R. Singh ◽  
Poonam Yadav ◽  
Dinesh Singh ◽  
M.K. Tripathi ◽  
Lal Bahadur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Gangetic Plains
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document