scholarly journals ESD1 Affects Seed Setting Rate in Rice by Controlling Embryo Sac Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiankang Wang ◽  
Yixing Li ◽  
Shufeng Song ◽  
Mudan Qiu ◽  
Licheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Embryo Sac Development ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Seed Setting Rate

AbstractSeed setting rate is one of the critical factors that determine rice yield. Grain formation is a complex biological process, whose molecular mechanism is yet to be improved. Here we investigated the function of an OVATE family protein, Embryo Sac Development 1 (ESD1), in the regulation of seed setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa) by examining its loss-of-function mutants generated via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. ESD1 was predominantly expressed at stage 6 of panicle development, especially in the ovules. esd1 mutants displayed reduced seed setting rates with normal stamen development and pollen tube growth but abnormal pistil group. Investigation of embryo sacs revealed that during the mitosis of functional megaspores, some egg cells degraded during differentiation in esd1 mutants, thereby hindering subsequent fertilization process and reducing seed setting rate. In addition, the transcriptional level of OsAPC6, a reported embryo sac developing gene, was found to be significantly reduced in esd1 mutants. These results support that ESD1 is an important modulator of embryo sac development and seed setting rate in rice. Together, this finding demonstrates that ESD1 positively regulates the seed setting rate by controlling embryo sac development in rice, and has implications for the improvement of rice yield.

scholarly journals EMBRYO SAC DEVELOPMENT 1 affects seed setting rate in rice by controlling embryo sac development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiankang Wang ◽  
Yixing Li ◽  
Shufeng Song ◽  
Mudan Qiu ◽  
Licheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Anaphase Promoting Complex ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Embryo Sac Development ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Seed Setting Rate

Abstract Seed setting rate is one of the critical factors that determine rice yield. Grain formation is a complex biological process, whose molecular mechanism is yet to be improved. Here we investigated the function of an OVATE family protein, Embryo Sac Development 1 (ESD1), in the regulation of seed setting rate in rice (Oryza sativa) by examining its loss-of-function mutants generated via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated9 (Cas9) technology. ESD1 was predominantly expressed at Stage 6 of panicle development, especially in the ovules. esd1 mutants displayed reduced seed setting rates with normal stamen development and pollen tube growth but abnormal pistil group. Investigation of embryo sacs revealed that during the mitosis of functional megaspores, some egg cells degraded during differentiation in esd1 mutants, thereby hindering subsequent fertilization process and reducing seed setting rate. In addition, the transcriptional level of O. sativa anaphase-promoting complex 6, a reported embryo sac developing gene, was significantly reduced in esd1 mutants. These results support that ESD1 is an important modulator of ESD and seed setting rate in rice. Together, this finding demonstrates that ESD1 positively regulates the seed setting rate by controlling ESD in rice and has implications for the improvement of rice yield.

Effects of Different Water Managements on Yield and Cadmium Accumulation in Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 248-252
Author(s):  
Yin Fei Lv ◽  
Yan Fang Ren ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yan Chao Zhang ◽  
Jun Yu He
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Cd Distribution ◽  
Seed Setting Rate ◽  
Cadmium Contaminated Soil

Water management affects the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in the soil and hence their accumulation in rice and grain yields. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different water managements (flooding, intermittent irrigation and aerobic) on rice yield and cadmium accumulation in rice plants growing on cadmium contaminated soil. The results showed that compared to the flooding and aerobic treatment, the intermittent irrigation increased grain yield by 7.55-29.58%, which contributed to the increase of seed setting rate and panicle number. Compared with the intermittent irrigation, aerobic treatment significantly increased Cd contents in roots, straw and grains, while flooding reduced the Cd contents in rice. Compared with flooding, both aerobic and intermittent irrigation enhanced Cd distribution in the root and reduced it in the straw and grain. With increasing irrigation from aerobic to flooded conditions, the soil available Cd concentrations decreased significantly. The patterns of soil pH change were just opposite to those of soil available Cd. Thus, intermittent irrigation could increase rice yield and also reduce Cd in the grain.

Ultrastructural Observation on Embryo Sac Development inPhaius tankervilliae(Aiton)Bl.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Mei LI ◽  
Cheng-Hou WU ◽  
Xiu-Lin YE ◽  
Cheng-Ye LIANG
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Ultrastructural Observation ◽  
Embryo Sac Development

Embryo sac development and endogenous gibberellins in pollinated and unpollinated ovaries of walnut (Juglans regia)

1994 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco R. Tadeo ◽  
Manuel Talon ◽  
Eric Germain ◽  
Francoise Dosba
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Embryo Sac Development

scholarly journals Characterization of the ‘Oat-Like Rice’ Caused by a Novel Allele OsMADS1Olr Reveals Vital Importance of OsMADS1 in Regulating Grain Shape in Oryza sativa L.

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghui Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Zhijian Liu ◽  
Yong Zhuang ◽  
Ming Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Dominant Negative Effect ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Seed Setting Rate ◽  
Novel Allele

Abstract Background Grain shape is a critical agronomic trait affecting grain yield and quality. Exploration and functional characterization of grain shape-related genes will facilitate rice breeding for higher quality and yield. Results Here, we characterized a recessive mutant named Oat-like rice for its unique grain shape which highly resembles oat grains. The Oat-like rice displayed abnormal floral organs, an open hull formed by remarkably elongated leafy lemmas and paleae, occasionally formed conjugated twin brown rice, an aberrant grain shape and a low seed setting rate. By map-based cloning, we discovered that Oat-like rice harbors a novel allele of OsMADS1 gene (OsMADS1Olr), which has a spontaneous point mutation that causes the substitution of an amino acid that is highly conserved in the MADS-box domain of the MADS-box family. Further linkage analysis indicated that the point mutation in the OsMADS1Olr is associated with Oat-like rice phenotype, and expression analysis of the OsMADS1 by qRT-PCR and GUS staining also indicated that it is highly expressed in flower organs as well as in the early stages of grain development. Furthermore, OsMADS1Olr-overexpressing plants showed similar phenotypes of Oat-like rice in grain shape, possibly due to the dominant negative effect. And OsMADS1-RNAi plants also displayed grain phenotypes like Oat-like rice. These results suggested that OsMADS1Olr is responsible for the Oat-like rice phenotype including aberrant grain shape. Moreover, the expression levels of representative genes related to grain shape regulation were apparently altered in Oat-like rice, OsMADS1Olr-overexpressing and OsMADS1-RNAi transgenic plants. Finally, compared with Oat-like rice, OsMADS1Olr-overexpressing and OsMADS1-RNAi plants, mild phenotype of seed-specific OsMADS1-RNAi transgenic plants indicated that OsMADS1 may has has a direct regulation role in grain development and the grain phenotypes of Oat-like rice, OsMADS1Olr-overexpressing and OsMADS1-RNAi plants are majorly caused by the abnormal lemma and palea development. Conclusions Altogether, our results showed that grain shape and a low seed setting rate of the notable ‘Oat-like rice’ are caused by a spontaneous point mutation in the novel allele OsMADS1Olr. Furthermore, our findings suggested that OsMADS1 mediates grain shape possibly by affecting the expression of representative genes related to grain shape regulation. Thus, this study not only revealed that OsMADS1 plays a vital role in regulating grain shape of rice but also highlighted the importance and value of OsMADS1 to improve the quality and yield of rice by molecular breeding.

Differentiation of reproductive traits between central and peripheral populations of Allium wallichii Kunth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqing Tang ◽  
Demei Hu ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Mengda Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Peripheral Population ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Central Population ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Seed Setting Rate

The differentiation of reproductive characteristics not only exists between different populations, but also may exist within populations. In this work, the differences between the central and peripheral populations were experimentally compared and analyzed in terms of biodiversity index, plant traits, anthesis, pollen germination, floral visitors, seed setting rate, and ploidy. The results showed that the diversity and richness of other plant species, in the central population were significantly lower than those in the peripheral population, but the plant density was much higher than in the peripheral population. The plant anatomical traits, anthesis, pollen germination, floral visitors, seed setting rate, and ploidy were significantly different between central population and peripheral populations. The term increasing rate (IR) is proposed as a means of comparing morphologies in different organs. IR differences in vegetative characteristics were more stable, while those in reproductive characteristics differed significantly. For the central population, the effect of the intraspecific reproductive competition and pollinator selection on plants may significant, and morphology was differentiated in terms of reproductive characteristics. Plants in the peripheral populations were visited by many more pollinators than in the central population, and all pollinators visited infrequently. The reproductive characteristics of plants in the peripheral populations may therefore only be weakly affected by pollinator selection. The reproductive characteristics of plants in the peripheral population may weakly affected by the selection of pollinators and the variation was small. In conclusion, morphological differentiation among the different populations was associated with differences in vegetative and reproductive characteristics.

scholarly journals Multiple roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K during skeletal muscle cell differentiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Hitachi ◽  
Yuri Kiyofuji ◽  
Masashi Nakatani ◽  
Kunihiro Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Multiple Functions

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate cell physiology via the formation of ribonucleic-protein complexes with coding and non-coding RNAs. RBPs have multiple functions in the same cells; however, the precise mechanism through which their pleiotropic functions are determined remains unknown. In this study, we revealed the multiple inhibitory functions of hnRNPK for myogenic differentiation. We first identified hnRNPK as a lncRNA Myoparr binding protein. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that hnRNPK repressed the expression of myogenin at the transcriptional level via binding to Myoparr. Moreover, hnRNPK repressed the expression of a set of genes coding for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in a Myoparr-independent manner. Mechanistically, hnRNPK regulated the eIF2α/Atf4 pathway, one branch of the intrinsic pathways of the endoplasmic reticulum sensors, in differentiating myoblasts. Thus, our findings demonstrate that hnRNPK plays multiple lncRNA-dependent and -independent roles in the inhibition of myogenic differentiation, indicating that the analysis of lncRNA-binding proteins will be useful for elucidating both the physiological functions of lncRNAs and the multiple functions of RBPs.

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