scholarly journals Significant (Z|-4|) admixture signal with a source from ancient Wusun observed in contemporary Bulgarians.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetoslav Stamov
Keyword(s):  
Migration Route ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Asian Ancestry ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Medieval Population ◽  
Ethnic Origins

We report the presence of significant Central Asian ancestry in both contemporary Bulgarians and in early medieval population from SMC (Saltovo Mayaky Culture). The existence of Chalcolithic Iran (Hajj Fruz) and Wusun related ancestral component in contemporary Bulgarians comes as a surprise and sheds light on both migration route and ethnic origins of ProtoBulgarians. We interpret these results as an evidence for a Central Asian connection for the tribes, constituting the population of SMC and Kubrats Old Great Bulgaria in Pontic steppe from 6th and 7th century AD. We identify Central Asian Wusun tribes as carriers of this component on the base from the results from f3 and D statistics. We suggest that Wusun related tribes must have played role (or might have even been the backbone) in what became known as the Hunnic migration to Europe during 3rd 5th century AD. Same population must have taken part in the formation of the SMC (Saltovo Mayaki Culture) and Great Old Bulgarian during 6th 9th century AD in Pontic Caspian steppe. We also explore the genomic origins of Thracians and their relations to contemporary Europeans. We conclude that contemporary Bulgarians do not harbor Thracian-specific ancestry, since ancient Thracian samples share more SNPs with contemporary Greeks and even contemporary Icelanders than with contemporary Bulgarians.

scholarly journals Early Medieval Central Asian Population Estimates

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-817
Author(s):  
Étienne de la Vaissière
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Census data from 8th-century Eastern Central Asian oases, combined with the measurements of the oases and data from archives discovered there, allow us to calculate estimates both of the individual oases’ populations and of their respective feeding capacities, which is to say the number of people who could be fed from the output of one hectare of agricultural land. These numbers in turn have parallels in Western Central Asia, where oasis sizes can also be calculated by examination of preserved archaeological landscapes and oasis walls. It is therefore possible to reach a rough idea of the populations dwelling in the main oases and valleys of sedentary Central Asia. As regards nomadic regions, the data are far more hypothetical, but references in certain sources to the sizes of nomad armies and rates of nomadic military levying can allow us to calculate at least the possible scales of magnitude for populations living to the north of the Tianshan.

Dukes, elites, and commoners: dietary reconstruction of the early medieval population of Bohemia (9th–11th Century AD, Czech Republic)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1887-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylva Kaupová ◽  
Petr Velemínský ◽  
Petra Stránská ◽  
Milena Bravermanová ◽  
Drahomíra Frolíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Dietary Reconstruction ◽  
Medieval Population

Adaptation and Assimilation of Buddhism in China as reflected in Monastic Architecture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Residential Design ◽  
Buddhist Temple ◽  
Chinese Architecture ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Monastic Architecture ◽  
East And West

This chapter takes Buddhist architecture as an example of the dynamic interchange between East and West and the compromise between the original Indian style and native Chinese architecture so as to help demonstrate the transformation process of Buddhism in China during the first through sixth centuries CE. This chapter tries to point out that early medieval Buddhist monasteries, particularly the official ones, were constructed following Indian and Central Asian designs. These foreign types of monasteries brought in a new kind of religious architecture to China, which was later fused into the preexisting architectural culture and evolved into the distinct layout of Buddhist temple adopting the traditional Chinese residential design. This is a concrete and material way to contribute to the understanding of the interaction between a new faith and an old society.

Dietary reconstruction from trace element analysis and dental microwear in an Early Medieval population from Gáň (Galanta district, Slovakia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bodoriková ◽  
Kristína Domonkošová Tibenská ◽  
Stanislav Katina ◽  
Petra Uhrová ◽  
Michaela Dörnhöferová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Dental Microwear ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dietary Reconstruction ◽  
Medieval Population

Research Note The Skewed Sex Ratio in a Medieval Population: A Reinterpretation

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Michael Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Female Infanticide ◽  
Medieval Population

Recent studies in social history suggest that the practice of female infanticide was widespread in early medieval society. While much of the work on female infanticide is sound, particularly the anthropological studies which observed the practice first hand, the interpretations of historical data are much less certain. In particular, data from the ninth-century French monastic tax rolls known as the Carolingian polyptychs are assumed to reflect female infanticide (Coleman, 1971; 1974; 1976; de Mause, 1974; Guttentag and Secord, 1983). The data recorded on the Polyptychs are biased in a manner reflecting the Church’s teachings and social functions, giving the impression of a skewed sex ratio favoring males in this population. Anthropological studies lead us to doubt that female infanticide was practiced to the extent suggested by the sex ratio on the polyptychs.

scholarly journals SETTLEMENT STRUCTURE OF EARLY MEDIEVAL GROUPS IN THE TRANS-URALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
V.M. Kostomarov ◽  
E.A. Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Voronoi Polygons ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Village ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Medieval Population

The article considers the settlement of Early Medieval population in the Trans-Urals (4th–9th centuries AD). The study is based on the data about the location of monuments attributed to the Bakal culture, which are re-corded on the territory of the Tobol-Ishim interfluve and its water system in the area of the modern forest-steppe belt. The relevance of the study is determined by the following points: presentation of new data on the monu-ments of the Bakal culture; analysis of the settlement system and landscape use in the specified period; identifica-tion of economic areas characteristic of the early medieval population. In this study, the authors used the methods and approaches of landscape and settlement archaeology. In addition to the spatial and morphological character-istics, the source database includes data on the Earth's digital model drawing on SRTM30 data. The analysed materials (81 monuments — 36 hillforts, 40 villages, 5 burial grounds) were collected in one geoinformation sys-tem; the authors proposed an improved classification of fortified villages, which provides the opportunity to char-acterise the economic structure of the Bakal groups in a new way. The hillforts comprise 27 terrace settlements located on the high bedrock coasts of rivers, as well as 9 floodplain fortified settlements situated on isolated hills. When identifying economic zones on the basis of constructed Thiessen (Voronoi) polygons, it was found that there was one or, less often, two fortified villages (hillforts) in the centre of one zone. Settlements were located not far from the centre (most often in a floodplain). The analysis of direct visibility from the settlements showed that direct visual watch was kept over the villages in the floodplain, with the visibility zones covering large flood-plain sectors, thereby providing fairly tight control of the territory. It was established that the burial grounds were located in the immediate vicinity of fortified villages. The analysis revealed a correlation between the location of the village and the economy of the Bakal population, where cattle, prevailing in quantity, played an important role. This is due to the presence of large fortified settlements located in floodplains, whose population kept livestock. The authors established a system of the settlement and space-related occupation of the Medieval population in the Trans-Urals, with hillforts being the main centres used to control the territory simultaneously performing the functions of political, trade and economic centres.

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