Anticarcinogenic effects from plasma elderly trained: the role of mitochondrial function

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multimodal exercise training on systemic cytokine levels of the elderly, and the impact of post-exercise training plasma on prostate cancer cell viability and proliferation in vitro. Fasting blood samples were collected from eight institutionalized elderly before and after eight weeks of multimodal exercise training (twice a week). The levels of interleukin(IL)-1ra, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α were evaluated in the peripheral blood. PC3 prostate cancer cell line was incubated with 10% plasma acquired before and after exercise training from each participant. Multimodal exercise training increased the plasma levels of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-α, and FGF-1, and decreased TNF-α concentrations. PC3 cells presented decreased cell viability evaluated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase activity as well as lower rates of cell proliferation after the incubation with post-training plasma samples. The incubation of PC-3 cells with post-training plasma decreased the mitochondrial membrane polarization and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production without changes in cytosolic ROS. Post-training plasma did not change apoptosis or necrosis rates in the PC-3 cell line. In conclusion, we showed that systemic adaptations in plasma mediators of institutionalized elderly might alter cell viability and proliferation by targeting mitochondrial ROS in a prostate cancer cell line.