scholarly journals Transferability of Psychological Interventions from Disaster-Exposed Employees to Healthcare Workers Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Treacy ◽  
Shane O Donnell ◽  
Blanaid Gavin ◽  
Tamara Schloemer ◽  
Etain Quigley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Psychological Debriefing ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Resilience Training

Background: The COVID-19 Pandemic had a significant negative impact on the mental health of healthcare workers. Evidence-based interventions that could be used to mitigate this impact are lacking in the literature. This review aims to evaluate psychological interventions used for employees following previous disasters and assess the transferability of these interventions to a healthcare setting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Intervention information from a previously published systematic review of the literature published up to 2015 was extracted, and an additional search of studies published from 2015-2020 was conducted. Studies were assessed for transferability using a checklist derived from the PIET-T process model. Results: Interventions from eighteen studies were assessed for transferability (including three studies identified in an updated literature search). Interventions established as most transferable included resilience training, meditation/mindfulness interventions, and cognitive behavioural therapy. Psychological debriefing was transferable but as it is contrary to current recommendations is not deemed appropriate for adoption. Implications: Several existing interventions have the potential to be utilised within the COVID-19 context/pandemic. More research needs to be undertaken in this area to assess these interventions upon transfer.

scholarly journals The effect of sleep disorders on health and the possibility of correction of sleep disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Tsenteradze ◽  
M. G. Poluektov
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Histamine Receptor ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Immunodeficiency Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Treatment of insomnia is an important medical and social problem due to its widespread prevalence and significant negative impact on human health. The state of chronic cerebral hyper-activation, which has cognitive, electrophysiological and metabolic manifestations, plays an important role in the development of insomnia. The sleep disorder has been proven to be a risk factor for the development of arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, immunodeficiency disorder and cognitive impairment. Nonmedicinal and medicinal products are used to treat insomnia. Cognitive-behavioural therapy may be effective as a psychotherapy.  Non-benzodiazepine GABA-receptors agonists are most often used to treat chronic insomnia and histamine receptor blockers to treat acute insomnia among the other drugs of this group.

Psychological Treatments and Prevention in Bipolar Disorder - Recent Developments

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
C. Kuehner
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Social Rhythm ◽  
Future Work ◽  
High Risk Children

This contribution provides a systematic review on recent developments in psychological interventions for bipolar disorder. The main focus of research to date has investigated the role of different psychotherapeutic approaches (cognitive behavioural therapy, family focused therapy, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, psychoeducation) as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for remission and relapse prevention. The review will assess efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions, their common ingredients, limitations and predictors of outcome. It will further explore the potential role of psychological interventions for primary prevention of bipolar disorders in high risk children and adolescents. Suggestions will be made for future work in these areas.

Antidepressant, antipsychotic and psychological interventions in subjects at high clinical risk for psychosis: OASIS 6-year naturalistic study

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fusar-Poli ◽  
M. Frascarelli ◽  
L. Valmaggia ◽  
M. Byrne ◽  
D. Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Real World Setting ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
High Clinical Risk ◽  
Reduced Risk

Background.Recent randomized controlled trials suggest some efficacy for focused interventions in subjects at high risk (HR) for psychosis. However, treating HR subjects within the real-world setting of prodromal services is hindered by several practical problems that can significantly make an impact on the effect of focused interventions.Method.All subjects referred to Outreach and Support in South London (OASIS) and diagnosed with a HR state in the period 2001–2012 were included (n = 258). Exposure to focused interventions was correlated with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. Their association with longitudinal clinical and functional outcomes was addressed at follow-up.Results.In a mean follow-up time of 6 years (s.d. = 2.5 years) a transition risk of 18% was observed. Of the sample, 33% were treated with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) only; 17% of subjects received antipsychotics (APs) in addition to CBT sessions. Another 17% of subjects were prescribed with antidepressants (ADs) in addition to CBT. Of the sample, 20% were exposed to a combination of interventions. Focused interventions had a significant relationship with transition to psychosis. The CBT + AD intervention was associated with a reduced risk of transition to psychosis, as compared with the CBT + AP intervention (hazards ratio = 0.129, 95% confidence interval 0.030–0.565, p = 0.007).Conclusions.There were differential associations with transition outcome for AD v. AP interventions in addition to CBT in HR subjects. These effects were not secondary to baseline differences in symptom severity.

scholarly journals Modeling the spread of fake news on Twitter

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250419
Author(s):  
Taichi Murayama ◽  
Shoko Wakamiya ◽  
Eiji Aramaki ◽  
Ryota Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
News Item ◽  
Compact Representation ◽  
News Story ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
The Moment

Fake news can have a significant negative impact on society because of the growing use of mobile devices and the worldwide increase in Internet access. It is therefore essential to develop a simple mathematical model to understand the online dissemination of fake news. In this study, we propose a point process model of the spread of fake news on Twitter. The proposed model describes the spread of a fake news item as a two-stage process: initially, fake news spreads as a piece of ordinary news; then, when most users start recognizing the falsity of the news item, that itself spreads as another news story. We validate this model using two datasets of fake news items spread on Twitter. We show that the proposed model is superior to the current state-of-the-art methods in accurately predicting the evolution of the spread of a fake news item. Moreover, a text analysis suggests that our model appropriately infers the correction time, i.e., the moment when Twitter users start realizing the falsity of the news item. The proposed model contributes to understanding the dynamics of the spread of fake news on social media. Its ability to extract a compact representation of the spreading pattern could be useful in the detection and mitigation of fake news.

Psychological interventions for cognitive dysfunction in MDD

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Bernhard T. Baune
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Attentional Allocation ◽  
Cognitive Interventions ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Positive Stimuli

The chapter psychological interventions for cognitive function in MDD outlines promising cognitive training interventions that may yield neuropsychological, cognitive, emotional, and functional benefits for patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). The chapter reviews how psychological interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy are aimed to address cognitive biases, which include distorted information appraisal or attentional allocation towards negative and away from positive stimuli. It emphasizes that specific cognitive interventions target cognitive deficits and that the use of cognitive training represents a promising and novel therapeutic option which may yield neuropsychological, affective, functional, and behavioural improvements in patients with MDD.

Neurophysiology of cognitive behavioural therapy, deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation used in conjunction with ART treatments: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Raad ◽  
Judy Tanios ◽  
Joseph Azoury ◽  
Alain Daher ◽  
Chadi Fakih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Management Techniques

Abstract BACKGROUND Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse. It could be due to male or female factors, each requiring different treatment options. ART treatment exposes couples to numerous psychological stressors. Therefore, it has been recommended by the ESHRE Psychology and Counselling Guideline Development Group recently that psychosocial support should be offered as a complementary therapy during infertility treatments. In this context, the efficiency of different psychological interventions, such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), deep breathing (DB), and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), was evaluated in several clinical trials in terms of couples’ mental health and pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The neurophysiology of CBT, DB and PMR, which are used in interventional studies, in both men and women undergoing ART, has not yet been fully elucidated. This review represents a comprehensive report, aiming to collate novel insights into the neurobiological processes and physiological mechanisms that occur during the practice of CBT, DB and PMR. SEARCH METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were interrogated to conduct this comprehensive literature review. The search was carried out using combinations of MeSH terms and keywords: infertility, assisted reproductive techniques, IVF, ICSI, emotions, psychological stress, cognitive behavioural therapy, mind-body therapies and relaxation. Relevant information related to the mechanism of action of stress management techniques were obtained from original articles and reviews published in English without taking into consideration the time of publication. Moreover, as it was not the major focus of the review, only recent systematic reviews (2015–2019) pinpointing the effects of psychological interventions on infertility treatment outcomes were also retrieved from the above-mentioned databases. OUTCOMES CBT, DB and PMR may modify the activity of stress-related brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus and hippocampus, as demonstrated by functional MRI and electroencephalogram studies. Furthermore, applying these techniques was associated with mood improvements and a decline in stress biomarkers, and, hypothetically, reducing stress biomarkers attenuates the stress-induced effects on ART outcomes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Increasing the knowledge of fertility staff, researchers and physicians regarding the mechanisms of action of these stress management techniques has several advantages. For instance, understanding the underlying neurophysiological pathways would assist practitioners to engage ART couples in the practice of these techniques. Also, it may enhance the quality of the support programmes and psychological research. Accordingly, this will ensure that these interventions reach their full potential and therefore improve clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Psychological interventions for mental health disorders in children with chronic physical illness: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bennett ◽  
Roz Shafran ◽  
Anna Coughtrey ◽  
Susan Walker ◽  
Isobel Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Chronic Physical Illness ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundChildren with chronic physical illness are significantly more likely to develop common psychiatric symptoms than otherwise healthy children. These children therefore warrant effective integrated healthcare yet it is not established whether the known, effective, psychological treatments for symptoms of common childhood mental health disorders work in children with chronic physical illness.MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were searched with predefined terms relating to evidence-based psychological interventions for psychiatric symptoms in children with chronic physical illness. We included all studies (randomised and non-randomised designs) investigating interventions aimed primarily at treating common psychiatric symptoms in children with a chronic physical illness in the review. Two reviewers independently assessed the relevance of abstracts identified, extracted data and undertook quality analysis.ResultsTen studies (209 children, including 70 in control groups) met the criteria for inclusion in the review. All studies demonstrated some positive outcomes of cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in children with chronic physical illness. Only two randomised controlled trials, both investigating interventions for symptoms of depression, were found.ConclusionsThere is preliminary evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy has positive effects in the treatment of symptoms of depression and anxiety in children with chronic physical illness. However, the current evidence base is weak and fully powered randomised controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy of psychological treatments in this vulnerable population.

Psychological treatment of depression in children and adolescents

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harrington ◽  
Jane Whittaker ◽  
Philp Shoebridge
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

BackgroundThis paper reviews research on the psychological treatment of depression in children.MethodManual and computer literature searches were performed.ResultsThe most promising psychological interventions for depression in children are individual rather than family therapies. Cognitive – behavioural therapy seems to be an effective treatment for depressive symptoms and mild depressive disorders. It may also be a useful preventive intervention, though this remains to be conclusively demonstrated. There have been no systematic studies comparing psychological treatments with medication.ConclusionsStudies comparing psychological treatments and medication are now required.

scholarly journals Strategies for preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers: past evidence, current problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Riccardo De Giorgi ◽  
Bianca M. Dinkelaar
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Alternative Interventions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

SUMMARYThe problem of occupational stress in healthcare workers is hardly new, but effective interventions in this area are lacking despite being sorely needed – especially in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The results of a Cochrane review suggest that cognitive–behavioural therapy and mental and physical relaxation reduce stress more than no intervention but not more than alternative interventions, and that changing work schedules may lead to a reduction of stress. Other organisational interventions showed no effect on stress levels. However, the evidence is of low quality owing to risk of bias and lack of precision. This commentary critically appraises the review and attempts to put its findings into the current real-world context.

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