scholarly journals Myeloid cell-driven nonregenerative pulmonary scarring is conserved in multiple nonhuman primate species regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection modality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa C Fears ◽  
Brandon J Beddingfield ◽  
Nicole R Chirichella ◽  
Nadia Slisarenko ◽  
Stephanie Z Killeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Green Monkeys

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic resulting in widespread efforts in development of animal models that recapitulate human disease for evaluation of medical countermeasures, and to dissect COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. We tested whether route of experimental infection substantially changes COVID-19 disease characteristics in two species (Macaca mulatta; rhesus macaques; RM, Chlorocebus atheiops; African green monkeys; AGM) of nonhuman primates. Species-specific cohorts of RM and AGM Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, RMs) and African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops, AGMs) were experimentally infected with homologous SARS-CoV-2 by either direct mucosal instillation or small particle aerosol in route-discrete subcohorts. Both species demonstrated equivalent infection initially by either exposure route although the magnitude and duration of viral loading was greater in AGMs than that of the RM. Clinical onset was nearly immediate (+1dpi) in mucosally-exposed cohorts whereas aerosol-infected animals began to show signs +7dpi. Myeloid cell responses indicative of the development of pulmonary scarring and extended lack of regenerative capacity in the pulmonary compartment was a conserved pathologic response in both species by either exposure modality. This pathological commonality may be useful in future anti-fibrosis therapeutic evaluations and expands our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to ARDS and functional lung damage.

scholarly journals Analysis and annotation of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in two nonhuman primate species using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K and EPIC BeadChips

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Pichon ◽  
Florence Busato ◽  
Simon Jochems ◽  
Beatrice Jacquelin ◽  
Roger Le Grand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Green Monkeys ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

AbstractThe Infinium Human Methylation450 and Methylation EPIC BeadChips are useful tools for the study of the methylation state of hundreds of thousands of CpG across the human genome at affordable cost. However, in a wide range of experimental settings in particular for studies in infectious or brain-related diseases, human samples cannot be easily obtained. Hence, due to their close developmental, immunological and neurological proximity with humans, non-human primates are used in many research fields of human diseases and for preclinical research. Few studies have used DNA methylation microarrays in simian models. Microarrays designed for the analysis of DNA methylation patterns in the human genome could be useful given the genomic proximity between human and nonhuman primates. However, there is currently information lacking about the specificity and usability of each probe for many nonhuman primate species, including rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), originating from Asia, and African green monkeys originating from West-Africa (Chlorocebus sabaeus). Rhesus macaques and African green monkeys are among the major nonhuman primate models utilized in biomedical research. Here, we provide a precise evaluation and re-annotation of the probes of the two microarrays for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in these two Cercopithecidae species. We demonstrate that up to 162,000 of the 450K and 255,000 probes of the EPIC BeadChip can be reliably used in Macaca mulatta or Chlorocebus sabaeus. The annotation files are provided in a format compatible with a variety of preprocessing, normalization and analytical pipelines designed for data analysis from 450K/EPIC arrays, facilitating high-throughput DNA methylation analyses in Macaca mulatta and Chlorocebus sabaeus. They provide the opportunity to the research community to focus their analysis only on those probes identified as reliable. The described analytical workflow leaves the choice to the user to balance coverage versus specificity and can also be applied to other Cercopithecidae species.

Markers of hepatitis E among the population of the Greater Sochi and in monkeys of the Adler primate center

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Korzaia ◽  
V. V. Keburia ◽  
D. I. Dogadov ◽  
B. A. Lapin ◽  
K. K. Kyuregyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Clinic Hospital

Serum from humans (n = 646) and monkeys (n = 1867) collected during the period 1999-2013 was tested by enzyme immunoassay. Anti-HEV IgG was detected significantly more frequently (P ≥ 0.001) in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) - 45.1 ± 1.6% (n = 1001) than in cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis) 16.2 ± 1.8% (n = 426). Single seropositive individuals were found among M. nemestrina - 4.0±2.8% (n = 50). Anti-HEV was not detected in the sera of green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) - n = 162, Papio hamadryas (n = 124), and Papio anubis - n = 104. The presence of the anti-HEV IgM indicating the cases of fresh infection in Macaca mulatta - 2.1 ± 0.5% (n = 717) and M. fascicularis - 3.5 ± 1.3% (n = 266) is of great significance. The overall frequency of detection of the anti-HEV IgG among the staff of the Adler Primate Center - 6.8 ± 2.3% (n = 118) was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than among the population of the Greater Sochi - 15.9% ± 1.6 (n = 528). It is important that only in patients of medical institutions (clinic, hospital, cancer center), anti-HEV IgM were detected (2.7-11.8%) along with anti-HEV IgG (15-23.5%), thereby indicating the presence of acute cases of HEV infection among this population. HEV RNA was not detected in the serum of anti-HEV IgM-positive people and monkeys. Seroepidemiological data do not confirm the assumption on the ability of seropositive monkeys of Macaca genus to be a natural reservoir of HEV infection for humans.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence that female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) perceive variation in male facial masculinity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Rosenfield ◽  
Stuart Semple ◽  
Alexander V. Georgiev ◽  
Dario Maestripieri ◽  
James P. Higham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractAmong many primate species, face shape is sexually dimorphic, and male facial masculinity has been proposed to influence female mate choice and male-male competition by signalling competitive ability. However, whether conspecifics pay attention to facial masculinity has only been assessed in humans. In a study of free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, we used a two-alternative look-time experiment to test whether females perceive male facial masculinity. We presented 107 females with pairs of images of male faces – one with a more masculine shape and one more feminine – and recorded their looking behaviour. Females looked at the masculine face longer than at the feminine face in more trials than predicted by chance. Although there was no overall difference in average look-time between masculine and feminine faces across all trials, females looked significantly longer at masculine faces in a subset of trials for which the within-pair difference in masculinity was most pronounced. Additionally, the proportion of time subjects looked toward the masculine face increased as the within-pair difference in masculinity increased. This study provides evidence that female macaques perceive variation in male facial shape, a necessary condition for intersexual selection to operate on such a trait. It also highlights the potential impact of perceptual thresholds on look-time experiments.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence that female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) perceive variation in male facial masculinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 181415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Rosenfield ◽  
Stuart Semple ◽  
Alexander V. Georgiev ◽  
Dario Maestripieri ◽  
James P. Higham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Face Shape ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Free Ranging

Among many primate species, face shape is sexually dimorphic, and male facial masculinity has been proposed to influence female mate choice and male–male competition by signalling competitive ability. However, whether conspecifics pay attention to facial masculinity has only been assessed in humans. In a study of free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta , we used a two-alternative look-time experiment to test whether females perceive male facial masculinity. We presented 107 females with pairs of images of male faces—one with a more masculine shape and one more feminine—and recorded their looking behaviour. Females looked at the masculine face longer than at the feminine face in more trials than predicted by chance. Although there was no overall difference in average look-time between masculine and feminine faces across all trials, females looked significantly longer at masculine faces in a subset of trials for which the within-pair difference in masculinity was most pronounced. Additionally, the proportion of time subjects looked toward the masculine face increased as the within-pair difference in masculinity increased. This study provides evidence that female macaques perceive variation in male facial shape, a necessary condition for intersexual selection to operate on such a trait. It also highlights the potential impact of perceptual thresholds on look-time experiments.

A Meta-Analysis of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta), Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis), African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), and Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) as Large Animal Models for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra N Witt ◽  
Rachel D Green ◽  
Andrew N Winterborn
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Mustela Putorius ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaques ◽  
Green Monkeys

Animal models are at the forefront of biomedical research for studies of viral transmission, vaccines, and pathogenesis, yetthe need for an ideal large animal model for COVID-19 remains. We used a meta-analysis to evaluate published data relevantto this need. Our literature survey contained 22 studies with data relevant to the incidence of common COVID-19 symptomsin rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), African green monkeys (Chlorocebusaethiops), and ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Rhesus macaques had leukocytosis on Day 1 after inoculation and pneumonia on Days 7 and 14 after inoculation, in frequencies that were similar enough to humans to reject the null hypothesis of a Fisher exact test. However, the differences in overall presentation of disease were too different from that of humans to successfully identify any of these 4 species as an ideal large animal of COVID-19. The greatest limitation to the current study is a lack of standardization in experimentation and reporting. To expand our understanding of the pathology of COVID-19 and evaluate vaccine immunogenicity, we must extend the unprecedented collaboration that has arisen in the study of COVID-19 to include standardization of animal-based research in an effort to find the optimal animal model.

Chronic Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) with Cisterna Magna Ports: Update on Refinements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Gilberto ◽  
Maria S Michener ◽  
Brad E Smith ◽  
Peter J Szczerba ◽  
Marie A Holahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Chronic Models ◽  
New Procedures ◽  
Green Monkeys

More than 20 y ago, we developed an animal model for chronic and continuous collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from conscious rhesus macaques. Since our previous publication in 2003, we have successfully implanted 168 rhesus macaquesusing this approach. Our experience enables us to provide up-to-date information regarding the model, including refinementsto our implant design, reductions in maintenance, and new procedures for dealing with contamination. The results of our experiences have reduced the number of surgeries required and helped to increase the longevity of the implant, with some functioning for more than 18 y. Building on our success in rhesus macaques, we attempted to develop similar animal models in the African green monkeys and dogs but have been unable to develop reliable chronic models for CSF collection in these species.

scholarly journals A comprehensive atlas of white matter tracts in the chimpanzee

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L. Bryant ◽  
Longchuan Li ◽  
Nicole Eichert ◽  
Rogier B. Mars
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Human Lineage ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are, along with bonobos, humans’ closest living relatives. The advent of diffusion MRI tractography in recent years has allowed a resurgence of comparative neuroanatomical studies in humans and other primate species. Here we offer, in comparative perspective, the first chimpanzee white matter atlas, constructed from in vivo chimpanzee diffusion-weighted scans. Comparative white matter atlases provide a useful tool for identifying neuroanatomical differences and similarities between humans and other primate species. Until now, comprehensive fascicular atlases have been created for humans (Homo sapiens), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and several other nonhuman primate species, but never in a nonhuman ape. Information on chimpanzee neuroanatomy is essential for understanding the anatomical specializations of white matter organization that are unique to the human lineage.

scholarly journals Intra-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the gut of mucosally-infected Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkeys)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori A Rowe ◽  
Brandon J Beddingfield ◽  
Kelly Goff ◽  
Stephanie Z Killeen ◽  
Nicole R Chirichella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primate ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Furin Cleavage ◽  
Chlorocebus Aethiops ◽  
Furin Cleavage Site ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Green Monkeys

In recent months, several SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that enhance transmissibility and escape host humoral immunity. Hence, the tracking of viral evolutionary trajectories is clearly of great importance. Little is known about SARS-CoV-2 evolution in nonhuman primate models used to test vaccines and therapies and to model human disease. Viral RNA was sequenced from rectal swabs from Chlorocebus aethiops (African green monkeys) after experimental respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two distinct patterns of viral evolution were identified that were shared between all collected samples. First, mutations in the furin cleavage site that were initially present in the virus as a consequence of VeroE6 cell culture adaptation were subsequently lost in virus recovered in rectal swabs, confirming the necessity of this motif for viral infection in vivo. Three amino acid changes were also identified; ORF 1a S2103F, and spike D215G and H655Y, that were detected in rectal swabs from all sampled animals. These finding are demonstrative of intra-host SARS-CoV-2 evolution unique to this nonhuman primate species and identifies a host-adapted variant of SARS-CoV-2 that may be useful in future development of primate disease models.

scholarly journals Analysis and annotation of DNA methylation in two nonhuman primate species using the Infinium Human Methylation 450K and EPIC BeadChips

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Fabien Pichon ◽  
Yimin Shen ◽  
Florence Busato ◽  
Simon P Jochems ◽  
Beatrice Jacquelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Precise Evaluation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
In Silico Analyses ◽  
Nonhuman Primate Species

Aim: Nonhuman primates are essential for research on many human diseases. The Infinium Human Methylation450/EPIC BeadChips are popular tools for the study of the methylation state across the human genome at affordable cost. Methods: We performed a precise evaluation and re-annotation of the BeadChip probes for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in rhesus macaques and African green monkeys through in silico analyses combined with functional validation by pyrosequencing. Results: Up to 165,847 of the 450K and 261,545 probes of the EPIC BeadChip can be reliably used. The annotation files are provided in a format compatible with a variety of standard bioinformatic pipelines. Conclusion: Our study will facilitate high-throughput DNA methylation analyses in Macaca mulatta and Chlorocebus sabaeus.

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