Waning of mRNA-1273 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar

BACKGROUND: In early 2021, Qatar launched a mass immunization campaign with Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. We assessed persistence of real-world mRNA-1273 effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection and against COVID-19 hospitalization and death. METHODS: Effectiveness was estimated using test-negative, case-control study design, between January 1 and December 5, 2021. Effectiveness was estimated against documented infection (a PCR-positive swab, regardless symptoms), and against any severe (acute-care hospitalization), critical (ICU hospitalization), or fatal COVID-19. RESULTS: By December 5, 2021, 2,962 breakthrough infections had been recorded among those who received two mRNA-1273 doses. Of these infections, 19 progressed to severe COVID-19 and 4 to critical, but none to fatal disease. mRNA-1273 effectiveness against infection was negligible for the first two weeks after the first dose, increased to 65.5% (95% CI: 62.7-68.0%) 14 or more days after the first dose, and reached its peak at about 90% in the first three months after the second dose. Effectiveness declined gradually starting from the fourth month after the second dose and was below 50% by the 7th month after the second dose. Effectiveness against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 reached its peak at essentially 100% right after the second dose, and there was no evidence for declining effectiveness over time. Effectiveness against symptomatic versus asymptomatic infection demonstrated the same pattern of waning, but effectiveness against symptomatic infection was consistently higher than that against asymptomatic infection and waned more slowly. CONCLUSIONS: mRNA-1273-induced protection against infection appears to wane month by month after the second dose. Meanwhile, protection against hospitalization and death appears robust with no evidence for waning for several months after the second dose.

Download Full-text

Waning of BNT162b2 vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Qatar

10.1101/2021.08.25.21262584 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiam Chemaitelly ◽

Patrick Tang ◽

Mohammad Rubayet Hasan ◽

Sawsan AlMukdad ◽

HADI M. YASSINE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Mass Scale ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Symptomatic Infection ◽

Vaccine Protection ◽

The Third ◽

Negative Case ◽

Protection Against Infection ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUND: Waning of vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease is a concern. This study investigated persistence of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine effectiveness against infection and disease in Qatar, where the Beta and Delta variants have dominated incidence and PCR testing is done at a mass scale. METHODS: A matched test-negative, case-control study design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection and against any severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 disease, between January 1, 2021 to August 15, 2021. RESULTS: Estimated BNT162b2 effectiveness against any infection, asymptomatic or symptomatic, was negligible for the first two weeks after the first dose, increased to 36.5% (95% CI: 33.1-39.8) in the third week after the first dose, and reached its peak at 72.1% (95% CI: 70.9-73.2) in the first five weeks after the second dose. Effectiveness declined gradually thereafter, with the decline accelerating ≥15 weeks after the second dose, reaching diminished levels of protection by the 20th week. Effectiveness against symptomatic infection was higher than against asymptomatic infection, but still waned in the same fashion. Effectiveness against any severe, critical, or fatal disease increased rapidly to 67.7% (95% CI: 59.1-74.7) by the third week after the first dose, and reached 95.4% (95% CI: 93.4-96.9) in the first five weeks after the second dose, where it persisted at about this level for six months. CONCLUSIONS: BNT162b2-induced protection against infection appears to wane rapidly after its peak right after the second dose, but it persists at a robust level against hospitalization and death for at least six months following the second dose.

Download Full-text

Recent MMR vaccination in Health Care Workers and Covid-19: a test negative case-control study

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Lundberg ◽

Maria Bygdell ◽

Gustaf Stukat von Feilitzen ◽

Susanne Woxenius ◽

Claes Ohlsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Care Workers ◽

Negative Case ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of influenza vaccination on influenza-associated hospitalisations over time among children in Hong Kong: a test-negative case-control study

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30419-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 925-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shuo Feng ◽

Susan S Chiu ◽

Eunice L Y Chan ◽

Mike Y W Kwan ◽

Joshua S C Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Negative Case ◽

Control Study ◽

Over Time

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of an inactivated virus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152, in India: a test-negative, case-control study

The Lancet Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00674-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Devashish Desai ◽

Adil Rashid Khan ◽

Manish Soneja ◽

Ankit Mittal ◽

Shivdas Naik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Negative Case ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil

10.1101/2021.12.21.21268058 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thiago Cerqueira-Silva ◽

Jason R Andrews ◽

Viviane S Boaventura ◽

Otavio T Ranzani ◽

Vinicius de Araujo Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Symptomatic Infection ◽

Series Completion ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Prior Infection ◽

Control Study ◽

Dose Vaccine

Background. COVID-19 vaccines have proven highly effective among SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals, but their effectiveness in preventing symptomatic infection and severe outcomes among individuals with prior infection is less clear. Methods. Utilizing national COVID-19 notification, hospitalization, and vaccination datasets from Brazil, we performed a case-control study using a test-negative design to assess the effectiveness of four vaccines (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S and BNT162b2) among individuals with laboratory-confirmed prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. We matched RT-PCR positive, symptomatic COVID-19 cases with RT-PCR-negative controls presenting with symptomatic illnesses, restricting both groups to tests performed at least 90 days after an initial infection. We used multivariable conditional logistic regression to compare the odds of test positivity, and the odds of hospitalization or death due to COVID-19, according to vaccination status and time since first or second dose of vaccines. Findings. Among individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 39.4% (95% CI 36.1-42.6) for CoronaVac, 56.0% (95% CI 51.4-60.2) for ChAdOx1, 44.0% (95% CI 31.5-54.2) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 64.8% (95% CI 54.9-72.4) for BNT162b2. For the two-dose vaccine series (CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, and BNT162b2), effectiveness against symptomatic infection was significantly greater after the second dose compared with the first dose. Effectiveness against hospitalization or death ≥ 14 days from vaccine series completion was 81.3% (95% CI 75.3-85.8) for CoronaVac, 89.9% (95% CI 83.5-93.8) for ChAdOx1, 57.7% (95% CI -2.6-82.5) for Ad26.COV2.S, and 89.7% (95% CI 54.3-97.7) for BNT162b2.

Download Full-text