scholarly journals Small-scale field testing of Alpha-cypermethrin water-dispersible granules in comparison with the recommended wettable powder formulation for indoor residual spraying against malaria vectors in Benin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Moiroux ◽  
Armel Djenontin ◽  
Barnabas Zogo ◽  
Aziz Bouraima ◽  
Ibrahim Sidick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
The Difference

AbstractBackgroudPyrethroids are the most common class of insecticide used worldwide for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against malaria vectors. Water-dispersible granules (WG) are a pyrethroid formulation to be applied after disintegration and dispersion in water with less risks of inhalation than using the usual wettable powder (WP) formulation. The objective of this small-scale field study was to evaluate efficacy and duration of insecticidal action of a new alpha-cypermethrin WG (250g a.i./Kg) against susceptible Anopheles gambiae in comparison with the WHO reference product (alpha-cypermethrin WP, 50g a.i./Kg) on the most common indoor surfaces in Benin.MethodsBoth formulations were applied at two target-dose concentrations in houses made of mud and cement in the Tokoli village in southern Benin. We measured the applied dose of insecticide by chemical analysis of filter paper samples collected from the sprayed inner walls. We recorded An. gambiae mortality and knock-down rates every 15 days during 6 months using standard WHO bioassays.ResultsThe alpha-cypermethrin WG formulation did not last as long as the WP formulation on both surfaces. The difference is higher with the 30mg/m2 concentration for which the WP formulation reached the 80% mortality threshold during 2 months on the mud-plastered walls (3 months on cement) whereas the WG formulation last only one month (2 months on cement).ConclusionsThe new WG formulation has a shorter efficacy than the WHO recommended WP formulation. In this trial, both the WG and WP formulations had low durations of efficacy that would need at least two rounds of spray to cover the entire transmission season.

scholarly journals Efficacy of broflanilide (VECTRON T500), a new meta-diamide insecticide, for indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine Ngufor ◽  
Renaud Govoetchan ◽  
Augustin Fongnikin ◽  
Estelle Vigninou ◽  
Thomas Syme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Experimental Huts ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Cone Bioassay ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

AbstractThe rotational use of insecticides with different modes of action for indoor residual spraying (IRS) is recommended for improving malaria vector control and managing insecticide resistance. Insecticides with new chemistries are urgently needed. Broflanilide is a newly discovered insecticide under consideration. We investigated the efficacy of a wettable powder (WP) formulation of broflanilide (VECTRON T500) for IRS on mud and cement wall substrates in laboratory and experimental hut studies against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in Benin, in comparison with pirimiphos-methyl CS (Actellic 300CS). There was no evidence of cross-resistance to pyrethroids and broflanilide in CDC bottle bioassays. In laboratory cone bioassays, broflanilide WP-treated substrates killed > 80% of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sl for 6–14 months. At application rates of 100 mg/m2 and 150 mg/m2, mortality of wild pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sl entering experimental huts in Covè, Benin treated with VECTRON T500 was similar to pirimiphos-methyl CS (57–66% vs. 56%, P > 0.05). Throughout the 6-month hut trial, monthly wall cone bioassay mortality on VECTRON T500 treated hut walls remained > 80%. IRS with broflanilide shows potential to significantly improve the control of malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquito vectors and could thus be a crucial addition to the current portfolio of IRS insecticides.

SMALL SCALE FIELD TESTING OF PRSV RESISTANCE IN TRANSGENIC PAPAYA LINE KN116/5

2007 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Phironrit ◽  
S. Chowpongpang ◽  
N. Warin ◽  
A. Bhunchoth ◽  
S. Attathom
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Transgenic Papaya ◽  
Scale Field

scholarly journals Efficacy of broflanilide (VECTRON™ T500), a new meta-diamide insecticide, for indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine Ngufor ◽  
Renaud Govoetchan ◽  
Augustin Fongnikin ◽  
Estelle Vigninou ◽  
Thomas Syme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Cone Bioassay ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

AbstractThe rotational use of insecticides with different modes of action for indoor residual spraying (IRS) is recommended for improving malaria vector control and managing insecticide resistance. A more diversified portfolio of IRS insecticides is required; insecticides with new chemistries which can provide improved and prolonged control of insecticide-resistant vector populations are urgently needed. Broflanilide is a newly discovered insecticide being considered for malaria vector control. We investigated the efficacy of a wettable powder (WP) formulation of broflanilide (VECTRON™ T500) for IRS on mud and cement wall substrates in WHO laboratory and experimental hut studies against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in Benin, in comparison with pirimiphos-methyl CS (Actellic® 300CS). There was no evidence of cross-resistance to pyrethroids and broflanilide in CDC bottle bioassays. In laboratory cone bioassays, mortality of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant A. gambiae s.l. with broflanilide WP treated substrates was >80% for 6-14 months. At application rates of 100mg/m2 and 150 mg/m2, mortality of wild pyrethroid-resistant A. gambiae s.l. entering treated experimental huts in Covè, Benin was 57%-66% with broflanilide WP and did not differ significantly from pirimiphos-methyl CS (57-66% vs. 56%, P>0.05). Mosquito mortality did not differ between the two application rates and local wall substrate-types tested (P>0.05). Throughout the 6-month hut trial, monthly wall cone bioassay mortality on broflanilide WP treated hut walls remained >80% for both susceptible and resistant strains of A. gambiae s.l.. Broflanilide shows potential to significantly improve the control of malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquito vectors and would thus be a crucial addition to the current portfolio of IRS insecticides.One Sentence SummaryVECTRON™ T500, a new wettable powder formulation of broflanilide developed for indoor residual spraying, showed high and prolonged activity against wild pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors, on local wall substrates, in laboratory bioassays and experimental household settings in Benin.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll derivative activated with sunlight for malaria vector control: a small-scale field study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abdelkader ◽  
Tarek El-Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pheophorbide A ◽  
Chlorophyll Derivative ◽  
Scale Field

Abstract Background Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease transmitted through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito; hence, it could be prevented by a proper vector control. To date, this could be achieved by controlling adult mosquitoes using synthetic chemicals such as DDT for indoor residual spraying (IRS) and pyrethroid-treated bed nets. These approaches possess potential toxicities; therefore, a new ecologically safe technology for vector control was developed in this study. Methods Small-scale field studies were performed in the swamp with anopheline larvae from different sub-saharan countries, such as Sudan, Uganda and Ethiopia. Photodynamic control of anopheles larvae was employed using a chlorophyll derivative, pheophorbide-a (Ph-a) as a photosensitizer and sunlight as a light source. This could interrupt the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquitoes from the larval stage, which induces the interruption of the malaria disease cycle. Results Ph-a accumulates in the larval body and upon sunlight exposure, it induces oxidative stress, which causes 85 to 100% larval death 24 hours after treatment with Ph-a. This photosensitizer’s effect persisted up to 21 days in the new generations in the same breeding site (residual effect). It is a target selective formula that has shown no effect on the other beneficial organisms in the breeding site. Conclusions This technique was found to be both effective and highly selective. It achieved a high mortality rate of mosquito larvae, while maintaining the highest levels of human safety and environmental friendliness.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PANLINTARMATIKA (PAPAN PERKALIAN PINTAR MATEMATIKA) MATERI PERKALIAN UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Hasna Nur Afifah ◽  
Meita Fitrianawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
The Media ◽  
Information Collecting

This study aims to 1) find out the steps in developing Panlintarmatika learning media, 2) know the feasibility of developing Panlintarmatika learning media based on experts.  This study is a type of Research and Development (RD) research using the Borg and Gal model which consists of: (1) research and information collecting, (2) planning, (3) developing preliminary from a product, (4) prelimunary field testing,  (5) main product revision, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product revision (8) operational field testing.  The trial subjects used were 18 grade 2 students and teachers at SD N Kalangan.  Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and questionnaires.  Data analysis includes quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis.  The results showed that the validation of the media experts received a score of 60 in the "Very good" category, the validation of the material experts received a score of 42 in the "Good" category and the learning expert received a score of 60 in the "Good" category.  The results of the small-scale field test students get a score of 100 with the category "Very Good" and the teacher gets a score of 94 with the category "Very Good".  Large-scale field test results students get a score of 100 with the category "Very Good" and the teacher scores 98 with a score of "Very Good" It can be concluded that the Panlintarmatika learning media is feasible and can be used as class 2 learning multiplication material

scholarly journals Efficacy of broflanilide (VECTRONTM T500) a new meta-diamide insecticide, for indoor residual spraying against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine Ngufor ◽  
Renaud Govoetchan ◽  
Augustin Fongnikin ◽  
Estelle Vigninou ◽  
Thomas Syme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Experimental Huts ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Cone Bioassay ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl

Abstract The rotational use of insecticides with different modes of action for indoor residual spraying (IRS) is recommended for improving malaria vector control and managing insecticide resistance. Insecticides with new chemistries are urgently needed. Broflanilide is a newly discovered insecticide under consideration. We investigated the efficacy of a wettable powder (WP) formulation of broflanilide (VECTRON T500) for IRS on mud and cement wall substrates in laboratory and experimental hut studies against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in Benin, in comparison with pirimiphos-methyl CS (Actellic 300CS). There was no evidence of cross-resistance to pyrethroids and broflanilide in CDC bottle bioassays. In laboratory cone bioassays, broflanilide WP treated substrates killed >80% susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sl for 6-14 months. At application rates of 100mg/m2 and 150 mg/m2, mortality of wild pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae sl entering experimental huts in Covè, Benin treated with VECTRON T500 was similar to pirimiphos-methyl CS (57%-66% vs. 56%, P>0.05). Throughout the 6-month hut trial, monthly wall cone bioassay mortality on VECTRON T500 treated hut walls remained >80%. IRS with broflanilide shows potential to significantly improve the control of malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquito vectors and could thus be a crucial addition to the current portfolio of IRS insecticides.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Mosquito Trap Counts In the Peruvian Amazon: Effect of Trap Type and Other Covariates On Counts and Diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Peck ◽  
Fanny Castro-Llanos ◽  
Victor M. López-Sifuentes ◽  
Gissella M. Vásquez ◽  
Erica Lindroth
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Multiple Species

ABSTRACT Efficient detection of multiple species of adult mosquitoes in various habitats using effective traps is a crucial 1st step in any disease prevention program. Novel trap types that target tropical vectors of human diseases require field testing in the habitat of the vector–disease system in question. This paper analyzes a series of mosquito trapping studies conducted at Mapacocha, San Juan Bautista District, Loreto, Peru, during August–September 2013 and April–May 2014. Six trap configurations were evaluated in forest and rural locations. Adult mosquito counts were analyzed using full Bayesian inference of multilevel generalized linear models and posterior probability point estimates of the difference of means of the combined trap catch by trap type comparisons of all species. Light traps (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] incandescent, white light-emitting diode [LED], and ultraviolet LED) caught greater numbers of mosquitoes compared with traps baited with yeast-generated CO2 and Biogents Sentinel™ traps (battery powered traps without light and passive box traps). However, diversity measures (species richness, evenness, and similarity) were consistently nearly equal among trap types. Arbovirus vectors were more common in forest locations, while malaria vectors were more common near human habitations. Location had a significant effect on trap effectiveness and mosquito diversity, with traps from forest locations having greater numbers and greater species richness, compared with traps set near human habitations. The results of this study will inform mosquito surveillance trap choices in remote regions of central South America, including regions with emerging tropical diseases, such and dengue and Zika virus.

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