scholarly journals Distinct descending motor cortex pathways and their roles in movement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Economo ◽  
Sarada Viswanathan ◽  
Bosiljka Tasic ◽  
Erhan Bas ◽  
Johan Winnubst ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTActivity in motor cortex predicts specific movements, seconds before they are initiated. This preparatory activity has been observed in L5 descending ‘pyramidal tract’ (PT) neurons. A key question is how preparatory activity can be maintained without causing movement, and how preparatory activity is eventually converted to a motor command to trigger appropriate movements. We used single cell transcriptional profiling and axonal reconstructions to identify two types of PT neuron. Both types share projections to multiple targets in the basal ganglia and brainstem. One type projects to thalamic regions that connect back to motor cortex. In a delayed-response task, these neurons produced early preparatory activity that persisted until the movement. The second type projects to motor centers in the medulla and produced late preparatory activity and motor commands. These results indicate that two motor cortex output neurons are specialized for distinct roles in motor control.

NeuroImage ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. S343
Author(s):  
R.A. Berman ◽  
J.A. Sweeney ◽  
K.R. Thulborn ◽  
C.L. Colby

1999 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Stratta ◽  
E Daneluzzo ◽  
P Prosperini ◽  
M Bustini ◽  
M.G Marinangeli ◽  
...  

1985 ◽  
Vol 37 (2b) ◽  
pp. 121-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan M. Macphail ◽  
Steve Reilly

Short-term retention of non-visual information was investigated using three series of hyperstriatal-lesioned and unoperated control pigeons. Neither retention (Experiment 1) nor acquisition (Experiment 3) of go/no-go alternation was disrupted by the lesions. Similarly, Experiments 2 and 5 failed to detect significant disruption of either retention or acquisition of spatial alternation. Increases in the retention intervals used in these tasks reduced accuracy in both groups but did not differently affect hyperstriatal as opposed to control performance. A lasting deficit was, however, obtained in a delayed-response task (Experiment 4), but this deficit, which was independent of retention interval, appeared to be the result, not of a disruption of memory, but of an exaggerated perseverative tendency. Experiment 6 confirmed that all three series of hyperstriatal birds showed disruption of reversals of a spatial discrimination. It is concluded that hyperstriatal lesions do not disrupt memory processes, and the hypothesis that hyperstriatal damage induces perseveration of central sets is discussed.


2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 3441-3454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Compte, ◽  
Christos Constantinidis ◽  
Jesper Tegnér ◽  
Sridhar Raghavachari ◽  
Matthew V. Chafee ◽  
...  

An important question in neuroscience is whether and how temporal patterns and fluctuations in neuronal spike trains contribute to information processing in the cortex. We have addressed this issue in the memory-related circuits of the prefrontal cortex by analyzing spike trains from a database of 229 neurons recorded in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 4 macaque monkeys during the performance of an oculomotor delayed-response task. For each task epoch, we have estimated their power spectrum together with interspike interval histograms and autocorrelograms. We find that 1) the properties of most (about 60%) neurons approximated the characteristics of a Poisson process. For about 25% of cells, with characteristics typical of interneurons, the power spectrum showed a trough at low frequencies (<20 Hz) and the autocorrelogram a dip near zero time lag. About 15% of neurons had a peak at <20 Hz in the power spectrum, associated with the burstiness of the spike train; 2) a small but significant task dependency of spike-train temporal structure: delay responses to preferred locations were characterized not only by elevated firing, but also by suppressed power at low (<20 Hz) frequencies; and 3) the variability of interspike intervals is typically higher during the mnemonic delay period than during the fixation period, regardless of the remembered cue. The high irregularity of neural persistent activity during the delay period is likely to be a characteristic signature of recurrent prefrontal network dynamics underlying working memory.


2014 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Saeka Tomatsu ◽  
Yoshiaki Tsunoda ◽  
Donna S. Hoffman ◽  
Shinji Kakei

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. McDowell ◽  
Brett A. Clementz

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