scholarly journals Motor cortical inactivation reduces the gain of kinematic primitives in mice performing a hold-still center-out reach task

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejapratap Bollu ◽  
Samuel C. Whitehead ◽  
Nikil Prasad ◽  
Jackson Walker ◽  
Nitin Shyamkumar ◽  
...  

SUMMARYMotor sequences are constructed from primitives, hypothesized building blocks of movement, but mechanisms of primitive generation remain unclear. Using automated homecage training and a novel forelimb sensor, we trained freely-moving mice to initiate forelimb sequences with clearly resolved submillimeter-scale micromovements followed by millimeter-scale reaches to learned spatial targets. Hundreds of thousands of trajectories were decomposed into millions of kinematic primitives, while closed-loop photoinhibition was used to test roles of motor cortical areas. Inactivation of contralateral motor cortex reduced primitive peak speed but, surprisingly, did not substantially affect primitive direction, initiation, termination, or complexity, resulting in isomorphic, spatially contracted trajectories that undershot targets. Our findings demonstrate separable loss of a single kinematic parameter, speed, and identify conditions where loss of cortical drive reduces the gain of motor primitives but does not affect their generation, timing or direction. The combination of high precision forelimb sensing with automated training and neural manipulation provides a system for studying how motor sequences are constructed from elemental building blocks.

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonhye Lee ◽  
Phillip Croce ◽  
Ryan W. Margolin ◽  
Amanda Cammalleri ◽  
Kyungho Yoon ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Edmund T. Rolls

Premotor cortical areas have outputs to the motor cortex, and receive inputs from the parietal cortex to implement actions such as reaching into space and grasping objects. Neurons in some premotor areas respond not only to movements being performed, but also to the sight of movements being performed, and are termed ‘mirror neurons’.


1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Crescimanno ◽  
Maria Teresa Salerno ◽  
Rosaria Cortimiglia ◽  
Giuseppe Amato

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Sulejczak ◽  
Ewelina Ziemlińska ◽  
Julita Czarkowska-Bauch ◽  
Ewa Nosecka ◽  
Ryszard Strzalkowski ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen B. E. Wolff ◽  
Raymond Ko ◽  
Bence P. Ölveczky

AbstractThe acquisition and execution of learned motor sequences are mediated by a distributed motor network, spanning cortical and subcortical brain areas. The sensorimotor striatum is an important cog in this network, yet how its two main inputs, from motor cortex and thalamus respectively, contribute to its role in motor learning and execution remains largely unknown. To address this, we trained rats in a task that produces highly stereotyped and idiosyncratic motor sequences. We found that motor cortical input to the sensorimotor striatum is critical for the learning process, but after the behaviors were consolidated, this corticostriatal pathway became dispensable. Functional silencing of striatal-projecting thalamic neurons, however, disrupted the execution of the learned motor sequences, causing rats to revert to behaviors produced early in learning and preventing them from re-learning the task. These results show that the sensorimotor striatum is a conduit through which motor cortical inputs can drive experience-dependent changes in subcortical motor circuits, likely at thalamostriatal synapses.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Lacerenza ◽  
Mauro Buttafava ◽  
Lorenzo Spinelli ◽  
Alberto Tosi ◽  
Alberto Dalla Mora ◽  
...  

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