scholarly journals An Indexing Theory for Working Memory based on Fast Hebbian Plasticity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Fiebig ◽  
Pawel Herman ◽  
Anders Lansner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Hebbian Plasticity ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spiking Neural Network Model

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a key component of human memory and cognition. Computational models have been used to study the underlying neural mechanisms, but neglected the important role of short- and long-term memory interactions (STM, LTM) for WM. Here, we investigate these using a novel multi-area spiking neural network model of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and two parieto-temporal cortical areas based on macaque data. We propose a WM indexing theory that explains how PFC could associate, maintain and update multi-modal LTM representations. Our simulations demonstrate how simultaneous, brief multi-modal memory cues could build a temporary joint memory representation as an “index” in PFC by means of fast Hebbian synaptic plasticity. This index can then reactivate spontaneously and thereby reactivate the associated LTM representations. Cueing one LTM item rapidly pattern-completes the associated un-cued item via PFC. The PFC-STM network updates flexibly as new stimuli arrive thereby gradually over-writing older representations.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Remembering Over the Short and Long Term

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-310
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz ◽  
Alexandru D. Iordan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Strategic Processing ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Time Courses

This chapter reviews evidence from behavioural and cognitive neuroscience research that supports a unitary view of memory whereby working memory and long-term memory phenomena arise from representations and processes that are largely shared when remembering over the short or long term. Using ‘false working memories’ as a case study, it highlights several paradoxes that cannot be explained by a multisystem view of memory in which working memory and long-term memory are structurally distinct. Instead, it is posited that behavioural memory effects over the short and long term relating to semantic processing, modality/domain-specificity, dual-task interference, strategic processing, and so on arise from the differences in activational states and availability of different representational features (e.g. sensory/perceptual, associative, action-based) that vary in their time courses and activity, attentional priority, and susceptibility to interference. Cognitive neuroscience evidence primarily from brain imaging methodologies that support this view is reviewed.

scholarly journals Working Memory Training for Healthy Older Adults: The Role of Individual Characteristics in Explaining Short- and Long-Term Gains

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Borella ◽  
Elena Carbone ◽  
Massimiliano Pastore ◽  
Rossana De Beni ◽  
Barbara Carretti
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Short And Long Term

The Role of the Interpolated Task in Short-Term Retention

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Conrad ◽  
A. J. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Interference Theory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Single Set

It has been proposed that a single set of operations based on classical interference theory is adequate to describe the phenomena of both short- and long-term memory. An article by Keppel and Underwood (1962) argues that short-term forgetting is due to proactive interference and, by implication, not a result of trace decay. An experiment which varied retention interval and the nature of the interpolated task, gave results which indicate that when the amount forgotten and the nature of errors are considered, a decay model is supported, the proactive interference suggestion being untenable.

Multimodal constructs – multimodal constructions? The role of constructions in the working memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Symbolic System ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Precise Role

AbstractLanguage is a symbolic system, whose basic units are arbitrary and conventionalized pairings of form and meaning. In fact, in light of substantive empirical evidence, Construction Grammar approaches advocate the view that not only words but all levels of grammatical description – from morphemes, words, and idioms to abstract phrasal patterns as well as larger discourse patterns – comprise form-meaning pairings, which are collectively referred to as constructions. In this paper, I will discuss the status of multimodal usage-events (multimodal constructs) for the potential entrenchment of multimodal constructions and their implications for human cognition in general. As I will argue, constructionist approaches need to pay more attention to the role of the working memory in assembling and interpreting constructions. Drawing on verbal as well as gesture constructions, I will show that it is essential to distinguish entrenched constructions that are stored in the long-term memory from form-meaning pairings that are assembled in the working memory (online constructions). Once this distinction is made, the precise role of multimodal constructs and the nature of multimodal constructions can finally be disentangled.

scholarly journals Context triggers the retrieval of long-term memories into working memory to guide attention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirawaj Itthipuripat ◽  
Geoffrey F Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Transfer Of Information

SummaryHow do we know what we are looking for in familiar scenes and surroundings? Here we tested a novel hypothesis derived from theories of human memory that working memory (WM) buffers mnemonic contents retrieved from long-term memory (LTM) to control attention. To test this hypothesis, we measured the electrical fields recorded noninvasively from human subjects’ as they searched for specific sets of objects in learned contexts. We found that the subjects’ WM-indexing brain activity tracked the number of real-world objects people learned to search for in each context. Moreover, the level of this WM activity predicted the inter-subject variability in behavioral performance. Together, our results demonstrate that familiar contexts can trigger the transfer of information from LTM to WM to provide top-down attentional control.

scholarly journals Systematic functional characterization of the intellectual disability-associated SWI/SNF complex reveals distinct roles for the BAP and PBAP complexes in post-mitotic memory forming neurons of the Drosophila mushroom body

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Chubak ◽  
Max H. Stone ◽  
Nicholas Raun ◽  
Shelby L. Rice ◽  
Mohammed Sarikahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Functional Understanding ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Cellular Components

AbstractTechnology has led to rapid progress in the identification of genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders like intellectual disability (ID), but our functional understanding of the causative genes is lagging. Here, we show that the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is one of the most overrepresented cellular components disrupted in ID. We systematically investigated the role of individual subunits of this large protein complex in post-mitotic memory forming neurons of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB). Using this approach, we have identified novel differential roles for the two prominent conformations of the Drosophila SWI/SNF complex, known as BAP and PBAP. The PBAP conformation is required post-mitotically for remodeling of the MB γ neurons during morphogenesis and is essential for both short and long-term memory. In contrast, the BAP conformation appears to preferentially effect long-term memory and is associated with γ neuron survival. Our results suggest that different subunits of the SWI/SNF complex may influence learning and memory through diverse and distinct roles in regulating structural plasticity, survival, and functionality of post-mitotic neurons. This study provides novel insight into the neuronal function of individual SWI/SNF subunits and will serve as a basis for understanding SWI/SNF-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms in post-mitotic neurons.

scholarly journals Is Long-Term Memory Used in a Visuo-Spatial Change-Detection Paradigm?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Goecke ◽  
Klaus Oberauer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Repetition Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Hebb Repetition Effect

In tests of working memory with verbal or spatial materials repeating the same memory sets across trials leads to improved memory performance. This well-established “Hebb repetition effect” could not be shown for visual materials. This absence of the Hebb effect can be explained in two ways: Either persons fail to acquire a long-term memory representation of the repeated memory sets, or they acquire such long-term memory representations, but fail to use them during the working memory task. In two experiments, (N1 = 18 and N2 = 30), we aimed to decide between these two possibilities by manipulating the long-term memory knowledge of some of the memory sets used in a change-detection task. Before the change-detection test, participants learned three arrays of colors to criterion. The subsequent change-detection test contained both previously learned and new color arrays. Change detection performance was better on previously learned compared to new arrays, showing that long-term memory is used in change detection.

scholarly journals 0119 The Role of Aging and Working Memory in Emotional-Long Term Memory Formation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A47-A47
Author(s):  
N Sattari ◽  
L Whitehurst ◽  
K Vinces ◽  
S Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Improvement ◽  
Condition Interaction

Abstract Introduction It is widely accepted that “offline” processes during sleep contributes to memory. Working Memory (WM) capacity, which reflects “online” memory processing, is an important factor influencing cognitive functioning, which declines with age. In younger individuals, a positive association is reported between WM-capacity and declarative memory improvement. Methods We examined the relation between WM and long-term memory consolidation, among younger [N=105, 18-25yr] and older adults (N=119, 60-85yr). Subjects completed an OSPAN WM task, encoded a Word-Paired Association (WPA) task in the morning (Test1), and were tested on the WPA in the afternoon (Test2) after a 90-minute polysomnographically-recorded nap or wake. Half of the subjects were exposed to negatively valenced word-pairs (EWPA) while the other half were exposed to neutral word-pairs (NWPA). Subjects rated valence of the word-pairs at Test1 and Test2. We compared the four groups (young-EWPA, young-NWPA, old-EWPA and old-NWPA) on WM and WPA in both wake and sleep. Results In both wake and sleep, in the WPA, ageXword-condition interaction was found (p=.004). Post-hoc analysis revealed that in wake, younger-EWPA had higher performance (p=.03) than younger-NWPA, however, older-EWPA had lower performance (p=.03) than older-NWPA. Additionally, we found an ageXword-condition interaction whereby youngers showed no change in ratings, while older adults rated word-pairs more positively both in wake (p=.03) and sleep (p=.002) at Test 2. Youngers had higher WM performance (p=.007), also their WM performance was positively associated with WPA both for Neutral (p=.03) and Emotional (p=.01). WM and WPA among older adults was not related. In younger-EWPA, Stage2-sleep-minutes was positively associated to WPA improvement (p=.03) where this association was negative among older-EWPA (p=.02). In older-NWPA, Stage2-sleep-minutes was positively associated with WPA (p=.004). Conclusion Our findings indicate an association between WM and emotionally-salient memory formation that is modulated by age. Older adults, but not younger, showed the emotional bias previously reported. WM was higher in younger adults related to memory improvement. Stage2-sleep was related to memory improvement in both groups, but in opposite directions. In sum, the role of sleep in memory consolidation changes with aging and WM may play a role in this process. Support Fenn et al.,2012

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