scholarly journals Seasonal occurrence of diamondback moths Plutella xylostella and their parasitoid wasps Cotesia vestalis in greenhouses and their surrounding areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Abe ◽  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Surrounding Areas

AbstractWe observed the seasonal occurrence of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and their native parasitoid wasps, Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on mizuna plants, Brassica rapa var. laciniifolia (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), in three commercial greenhouses and on wild cruciferous weeds, Rorippa indica (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), in the surrounding area in the Miyama countryside in Kyoto, Japan. The occurrences of DBM larvae in greenhouses followed their occurrence in the surrounding area: however, some occurrences of DBM in greenhouses took place when the DBM population in the surrounding was rather low. This suggests that the occurrence of DBM in greenhouses cannot always be explained by its seasonal occurrence in the surrounding areas. The occurrence of C. vestalis followed that of DBM larvae in mizuna greenhouses and in the surrounding areas. No C. vestalis were recorded in greenhouses when DBM was not present. Cotesia vestalis females preferred volatiles emitted from DBM-infested mizuna plants to those from uninfested conspecifics under laboratory conditions. Natural HIPVs (herbivory-induced plant volatiles) emitted from DBM-infested mizuna plants in greenhouses probably attracted C. vestalis from the surrounding area to cause their co-occurrence.

Synchronous Occurrences of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its Parasitoid Wasp Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Greenhouses in a Satoyama Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Abe ◽  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Rorippa Indica ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Abstract We characterized the correlation between the occurrences of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), larvae and their dominant native parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday), in commercial greenhouses in a satoyama area, called Miyama, in Kyoto, Japan. In the three greenhouses used in this study, cruciferous ‘mizuna’ (Brassica rapa var. laciniifolia [Brassicales: Brassicaceae]) crops were grown. Pesticides against diamondback moth were not routinely applied in the greenhouses. We confirmed that populations of diamondback moth and C. vestalis were maintained on the wild crucifer plant Rorippa indica in the surrounding area from March to December. In the greenhouses, we observed several occurrences of diamondback moth larvae that were, in most cases, followed by occurrences of C. vestalis. We found that C. vestalis females were attracted by volatiles emitted from mizuna plants that were lightly infested with second-stadium diamondback moth larvae under laboratory conditions. The synchronous appearance of diamondback moth larvae and C. vestalis could be explained by the latter being attracted by the volatiles emitted from mizuna plants infested by diamondback moth larvae in the greenhouses.

scholarly journals Parasitic wasp females are attracted to blends of host-induced plant volatiles: do qualitative and quantitative differences in the blend matter?

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Soichi Kugimiya ◽  
Rika Ozawa ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Volatile Blend ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Synthetic Blend

Naïve Cotesia vestalis wasps, parasitoids of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae, are attracted to a synthetic blend (Blend A) of host-induced plant volatiles composed of sabinene, n-heptanal, α-pinene, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, in a ratio of 1.8:1.3:2.0:3.0. We studied whether qualitative (adding (R)-limonene: Blend B) or quantitative changes (changing ratios: Blend C) to Blend A affected the olfactory response of C. vestalis in the background of intact komatsuna plant volatiles. Naïve wasps showed equal preference to Blends A and B and Blends A and C in two-choice tests. Wasps with oviposition experience in the presence of Blend B preferred Blend B over Blend A, while wasps that had oviposited without a volatile blend showed no preference between the two. Likewise, wasps that had starvation experience in the presence of Blend B preferred Blend A over Blend B, while wasps that had starved without a volatile blend showed no preference between the two. Wasps that had oviposition experience either with or without Blend A showed equal preferences between Blends C and A. However, wasps that had starvation experience in the presence of Blend A preferred Blend C over Blend A, while those that starved without a volatile blend showed equal preferences between the two. By manipulating quality and quantity of the synthetic attractants, we showed to what extent C. vestalis could discriminate/learn slight differences between blends that were all, in principle, attractive.

scholarly journals Targeting diamondback moths in greenhouses by attracting specific native parasitoids with herbivory-induced plant volatiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 201592
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Junichiro Abe ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Satoru Urano ◽  
Koukichi Nagasaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Monthly Incidence

We investigated the recruitment of specific parasitoids using a specific blend of synthetic herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) as a novel method of pest control in greenhouses. In the Miyama rural area in Kyoto, Japan, diamondback moth (DBM) ( Plutella xylostella , Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae are an important pest of cruciferous crops in greenhouses, and Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of DBM, is found in the surrounding areas. Dispensers of HIPVs that attracted C. vestalis and honey feeders were set inside greenhouses (treated greenhouses). The monthly incidence of DBMs in the treated greenhouses was significantly lower than that in the untreated greenhouses over a 2-year period. The monthly incidences of C. vestalis and DBMs were not significantly different in the untreated greenhouses, whereas monthly C. vestalis incidence was significantly higher than monthly DBM incidence in the treated greenhouses. Poisson regression analyses showed that, in both years, a significantly higher number of C. vestalis was recorded in the treated greenhouses than in the untreated greenhouses when the number of DBM adults increased. We concluded that DBMs were suppressed more effectively by C. vestalis in the treated greenhouses than in the untreated greenhouses.

A food-supply device for maintaining Cotesia vestalis, a larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, in greenhouses

BioControl ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimoda ◽  
Takayuki Mitsunaga ◽  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Junichiro Abe ◽  
Soichi Kugimiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Larval Parasitoid

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Source on Pac Choi (Brassica rapa L.) Chemistry and Interactions with the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1457-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Johnson ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
James R. Nechols ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Nathan O. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Pac Choi

Two greenhouse studies were conducted to examine effects of nitrogen source on primary and secondary metabolism of pac choi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis cv. Mei Qing Choi) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) consumption, development, survival, and body weight. Applications of a liquid organic source of nitrogen (fish hydrolysate fertilizer) were compared with a conventional fertilizer to determine whether nitrogen source directly impacts pac choi chemistry (elemental composition and phenolics) and biomass and indirectly affects diamondback moth fitness parameters. There was no significant effect of fertility treatment on pac choi chemistry or biomass with the exception of percent leaf phosphorus, which was significantly higher in the conventional fertility treatment, and p-coumarin, which was significantly higher in the organic fertility treatment. Diamondback moth also affected plant chemistry. Both calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were significantly higher in plants infested with larvae compared with uninfested plants. Fertilizer affected diamondback moth fitness with percent survival and cohort development significantly reduced on pac choi associated with the organic fertilizer. However, pac choi receiving the organic treatment was similar in regard to primary nutrients and secondary compounds compared with plants that received a conventional fertilizer.

scholarly journals Parasitism of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella by the solitary parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis in Samoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hau’ofa Siasau ◽  
Rashmi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Solitary Parasitoid ◽  
Major Pest

Plutella xylostella is a major pest of crucifier crops in Samoa and other Pacific islands. This pest has developed resistance to most insecticides available in the island nations so the objective of this study was to examine potential biological control options for P. xylostella in Samoa. Existing parasitism of P. xylostella on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subspp.) was investigated at a farm in Alesia and at the USP farm in Alafua, and established populations of Cotesia vestalis were found at both locations. Plutella xylostella larvae turn light yellow and show sluggish behaviour after parasitism, and they could be easily differentiated from unparasitised ones. Developing C. vestalis larvae emerge from their hosts and spin white cocoon around their body. After 5–6 days, a single adult emerges from the C. vestalis cocoon. The average parasitism rate between April 2015 and March 2016 was 10–18% but was significantly higher at the USP farm than the Alesia farm. This result could be because no insecticides were applied to the crops at USP. Parasitism was highest between June and August when the lowest average daily temperatures occur.

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