scholarly journals Parasitism of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella by the solitary parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis in Samoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hau’ofa Siasau ◽  
Rashmi Kant
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Solitary Parasitoid ◽  
Major Pest

Plutella xylostella is a major pest of crucifier crops in Samoa and other Pacific islands. This pest has developed resistance to most insecticides available in the island nations so the objective of this study was to examine potential biological control options for P. xylostella in Samoa. Existing parasitism of P. xylostella on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subspp.) was investigated at a farm in Alesia and at the USP farm in Alafua, and established populations of Cotesia vestalis were found at both locations. Plutella xylostella larvae turn light yellow and show sluggish behaviour after parasitism, and they could be easily differentiated from unparasitised ones. Developing C. vestalis larvae emerge from their hosts and spin white cocoon around their body. After 5–6 days, a single adult emerges from the C. vestalis cocoon. The average parasitism rate between April 2015 and March 2016 was 10–18% but was significantly higher at the USP farm than the Alesia farm. This result could be because no insecticides were applied to the crops at USP. Parasitism was highest between June and August when the lowest average daily temperatures occur.

Synchronous Occurrences of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its Parasitoid Wasp Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Greenhouses in a Satoyama Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Abe ◽  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Kinuyo Yoneya ◽  
Kaori Shiojiri ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Rorippa Indica ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Abstract We characterized the correlation between the occurrences of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), larvae and their dominant native parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday), in commercial greenhouses in a satoyama area, called Miyama, in Kyoto, Japan. In the three greenhouses used in this study, cruciferous ‘mizuna’ (Brassica rapa var. laciniifolia [Brassicales: Brassicaceae]) crops were grown. Pesticides against diamondback moth were not routinely applied in the greenhouses. We confirmed that populations of diamondback moth and C. vestalis were maintained on the wild crucifer plant Rorippa indica in the surrounding area from March to December. In the greenhouses, we observed several occurrences of diamondback moth larvae that were, in most cases, followed by occurrences of C. vestalis. We found that C. vestalis females were attracted by volatiles emitted from mizuna plants that were lightly infested with second-stadium diamondback moth larvae under laboratory conditions. The synchronous appearance of diamondback moth larvae and C. vestalis could be explained by the latter being attracted by the volatiles emitted from mizuna plants infested by diamondback moth larvae in the greenhouses.

Impact of introduced parasitoid Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid guild on kale in semi-arid areas in Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu ◽  
Brigitte Nyambo ◽  
Sevgan Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Parasitoid Guild ◽  
Indigenous Parasitoids

AbstractCotesia vestaliswas introduced into Kenya from South Africa in March 2003 for biological control ofPlutella xylostellawith initial release in 2004. To confirm establishment, the rate of spread beyond the release sites and parasitism rates byC. vestaliswere assessed between October 2011 and April 2012 in eastern and southeastern Kenya (Kitui, Mwingi/Yatta and Loitokitok areas). Monthly observations on kale infestation by diamondback moth, damage scores, parasitism and parasitoid guild were undertaken on 20 randomly selected plants in farmer-managed kale farms. Sampled larval and pupal stages were placed in containers and taken to the laboratory for parasitoid emergence. The infestation levels ranged from 0.4 to 2.5 DBM per plant, while damage scores ranged from 1.2 to 1.6, which correlated with the infestation levels.Cotesia vestaliswas not only the most abundant parasitoid, but it had also spread to new areas from the release sites. In December, the three sites recorded an average of 50% fromC. vestalis. Excluding the exotic parasitoidsC.vestalisandD. semiclausum, indigenous parasitoids accounted for less than 5% total parasitism. The parasitoid guild of the diamondback moth varied between months and study sites with January recording the highest species diversity and evenness of 1.15 and 0.63, 1.28 and 0.80, 1.08 and 0.47 in Loitokitok, Kitui and Mwingi/Matuu, respectively. Therefore,C.vestalishad an impact on the management of the DBM with parasitism rate of 35% to 88% and had spread beyond the release sites.

scholarly journals Plutella xylostella larval feeding effects on three forage brassica species kale rape and turnip

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
A.J. Michel ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M.M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Egg Density ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Feeding Effects ◽  
Number Of Stems

Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) (DBM) is a major pest of forage brassica crops in New Zealand This study evaluated the effects of DBM larval feeding on three forage brassica crops in a greenhouse experiment DBM eggs in batches of 5 10 or 50 were placed on 6weekold potted kale rape and turnip plants Plant growth and development (main stem diameter plant height total number of stems and leaves and dry matter weight of roots and foliage (including stems)) were measured at harvest Additionally the number of pupae recovered was recorded None of the measurements of plant growth was influenced (P>005) by DBM egg density Percentage pupal recovery was consistent between treatments Larger DBM population sizes may have been required to show an effect on plant growth Implications of these results for DBM pest management are discussed

scholarly journals Selection of Trichogramma species for controlling the Diamondback moth

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
Ricardo A Polanczyk ◽  
Anderson M Holtz ◽  
Leandro P Dalvi ◽  
Alexandre F Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Trichogramma Species ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Biological characteristics of the egg parasitoids Trichogramma acacioi, T. atopovirilia, and T. bennetti were studied to select the one with better performance on the control of the Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Parasitism rate, viability, and sex ratio were studied. Parasitism rate ranged from 1.67 to 41.33%. T. atopovirilia and T. acacioi were respectively the most and less aggressive species. The viability ranged from 6.20% for T. acacioi to 53.34% for T. atopovirilia. There were no differences on sex ratio (p<0.05) that remained above 0,88. T. atopovirilia was the species with best performance in the laboratory when rearing on the Diamondback moth eggs.

A food-supply device for maintaining Cotesia vestalis, a larval parasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, in greenhouses

BioControl ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimoda ◽  
Takayuki Mitsunaga ◽  
Masayoshi Uefune ◽  
Junichiro Abe ◽  
Soichi Kugimiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Larval Parasitoid

Natural parasitism of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella(L.) (Lep.: Plutellidae) by a larval parasitoid wasp,Diadegma anurumon different cauliflower cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamhosein Hasanshahi ◽  
Habib Abbasipour ◽  
Fatemeh Jahan ◽  
Alireza Askarianzadeh ◽  
Jaber Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Natural Parasitism

scholarly journals Characterization of two genes of Cotesia vestalis polydnavirus and their expression patterns in the host Plutella xylostella

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 3317-3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Feng Chen ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
Xue-xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tandem Gene Duplication ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Gene Transcripts

Cotesia vestalis is an endoparasitoid of larval stages of Plutella xylostella, the diamondback moth. For successful parasitization, this parasitoid injects a polydnavirus into its host during oviposition. Here we isolated two genes, which we named CvBV1 and CvBV2. CvBV1 was located on segment CvBV-S5 with a size of 790 bp, while CvBV2 was located on segment CvBV-S51 with a size of 459 bp. A gene copy of CvBV2 was found on segment CvBV-S48, which we name CvBV2’. Gene duplication occurred in both genes, tandem gene duplication for CvBV1 and segmental duplication for CvBV2. Gene transcripts of the two genes were detected in hosts as early as 0.5 h post-parasitization (p.p.) and continued to be detected for six days, and tissue-specific expression patterns showed that they could be detected in the haemolymph and brain at 2 h p.p., suggesting that they could participate in early protection of parasitoid eggs from host cellular encapsulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document