Effect of Nitrogen Source on Pac Choi (Brassica rapa L.) Chemistry and Interactions with the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)

Two greenhouse studies were conducted to examine effects of nitrogen source on primary and secondary metabolism of pac choi (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis cv. Mei Qing Choi) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) consumption, development, survival, and body weight. Applications of a liquid organic source of nitrogen (fish hydrolysate fertilizer) were compared with a conventional fertilizer to determine whether nitrogen source directly impacts pac choi chemistry (elemental composition and phenolics) and biomass and indirectly affects diamondback moth fitness parameters. There was no significant effect of fertility treatment on pac choi chemistry or biomass with the exception of percent leaf phosphorus, which was significantly higher in the conventional fertility treatment, and p-coumarin, which was significantly higher in the organic fertility treatment. Diamondback moth also affected plant chemistry. Both calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were significantly higher in plants infested with larvae compared with uninfested plants. Fertilizer affected diamondback moth fitness with percent survival and cohort development significantly reduced on pac choi associated with the organic fertilizer. However, pac choi receiving the organic treatment was similar in regard to primary nutrients and secondary compounds compared with plants that received a conventional fertilizer.

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(473) Influences of Fertilizer Source and Insecticide Application on Phenolic Compounds in Pac Choi (Brassica rapa L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1092c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 1092C-1092

Author(s):

Xin Zhao ◽

Edward Carey ◽

James Nechols ◽

Kim Williams ◽

Weiqun Wang

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Insecticide Application ◽

Head Weight ◽

Pac Choi

Implications of dietary phenolic compounds for human health and disease prevention have been indicated by a body of literature. A greenhouse pot study was performed to investigate the impacts of fertilizer source and preventive insecticide application on phenolic compound levels in pac choi [Brassica rapa (L.) cv. Mei Qing]. A two-way randomized complete-block design with five replications was used in this experiment. Fertilizer source consisted of two levels: conventional fertilizer (pre-plant application of Osmocote slow-release fertilizer), and organic fertilizer (pre-plant application of vermicompost and fertigation with compost tea and fish emulsion). Insecticide application consisted of three levels: organic (pyrethrin) vs. conventional (permethrin), and a plain water control. At harvest, total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds in pac choi leaves (blades) were analyzed by Folin assay and HPLC, respectively. Head weight of pac choi was significantly higher under conventional fertilizer treatment, while it was not affected by insecticides. Total phenolic content of pac choi was significantly increased by organic fertilizer treatment. HPLC results indicated that organic fertilizer treatment resulted in significantly higher levels of individual phenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. In contrast, preventive insecticide application showed little effect on the phenolics in pac choi. Correlation analysis excluded the influence of plant size (head weight) on phenolic content in pac choi. Differential N-forms, rates of nutrient release, and/or variable nutrient content in organic and conventional fertilizer treatments may contribute to elevated phenolic content in organically fertilized pac choi.

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Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), feeding and oviposition preferences on glossy and waxy Brassica rapa (L.) lines

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00014-5 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 327-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

B Ulmer ◽

C Gillott ◽

D Woods ◽

M Erlandson

Keyword(s):

Brassica Rapa ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Oviposition Preferences

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Synchronous Occurrences of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its Parasitoid Wasp Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Greenhouses in a Satoyama Area

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz140 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Junichiro Abe ◽

Masayoshi Uefune ◽

Kinuyo Yoneya ◽

Kaori Shiojiri ◽

Junji Takabayashi

Keyword(s):

Brassica Rapa ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Parasitoid Wasp ◽

Surrounding Area ◽

Cotesia Vestalis ◽

Rorippa Indica ◽

Laboratory Conditions

Abstract We characterized the correlation between the occurrences of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), larvae and their dominant native parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis (Haliday), in commercial greenhouses in a satoyama area, called Miyama, in Kyoto, Japan. In the three greenhouses used in this study, cruciferous ‘mizuna’ (Brassica rapa var. laciniifolia [Brassicales: Brassicaceae]) crops were grown. Pesticides against diamondback moth were not routinely applied in the greenhouses. We confirmed that populations of diamondback moth and C. vestalis were maintained on the wild crucifer plant Rorippa indica in the surrounding area from March to December. In the greenhouses, we observed several occurrences of diamondback moth larvae that were, in most cases, followed by occurrences of C. vestalis. We found that C. vestalis females were attracted by volatiles emitted from mizuna plants that were lightly infested with second-stadium diamondback moth larvae under laboratory conditions. The synchronous appearance of diamondback moth larvae and C. vestalis could be explained by the latter being attracted by the volatiles emitted from mizuna plants infested by diamondback moth larvae in the greenhouses.

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Seasonal occurrence of diamondback moths Plutella xylostella and their parasitoid wasps Cotesia vestalis in greenhouses and their surrounding areas

10.1101/357814 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Junichiro Abe ◽

Masayoshi Uefune ◽

Kinuyo Yoneya ◽

Kaori Shiojiri ◽

Junji Takabayashi

Keyword(s):

Brassica Rapa ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Plant Volatiles ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Seasonal Occurrence ◽

Parasitoid Wasps ◽

Surrounding Area ◽

Cotesia Vestalis ◽

Induced Plant Volatiles ◽

Surrounding Areas

AbstractWe observed the seasonal occurrence of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and their native parasitoid wasps, Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on mizuna plants, Brassica rapa var. laciniifolia (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), in three commercial greenhouses and on wild cruciferous weeds, Rorippa indica (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), in the surrounding area in the Miyama countryside in Kyoto, Japan. The occurrences of DBM larvae in greenhouses followed their occurrence in the surrounding area: however, some occurrences of DBM in greenhouses took place when the DBM population in the surrounding was rather low. This suggests that the occurrence of DBM in greenhouses cannot always be explained by its seasonal occurrence in the surrounding areas. The occurrence of C. vestalis followed that of DBM larvae in mizuna greenhouses and in the surrounding areas. No C. vestalis were recorded in greenhouses when DBM was not present. Cotesia vestalis females preferred volatiles emitted from DBM-infested mizuna plants to those from uninfested conspecifics under laboratory conditions. Natural HIPVs (herbivory-induced plant volatiles) emitted from DBM-infested mizuna plants in greenhouses probably attracted C. vestalis from the surrounding area to cause their co-occurrence.

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Influence of elevated temperature on the fitness of Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) in cauliflower

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/42/4(si)/mrn-1531b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (4(SI)) ◽

pp. 1106-1113

Author(s):

K. Haripriya ◽

◽

J.S. Kennedy ◽

V. Geethalakshmi ◽

D. Rajabaskar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Intrinsic Rate ◽

Reproductive Rate ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Net Reproductive Rate ◽

Population Growth Rates ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Fitness Parameters

Aim: To understand the effect of elevated temperature on the bionomics and fitness parameters of Plutella xylostella which would help in predicting the population growth rates and formulating appropriate management tactics. Methodology: In the present investigation, the fitness parameters of diamondback moth were studied at six different temperatures (31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36°C) in cauliflower in Open Top Chambers. Observations were recorded on the survival, longevity and fecundity at daily interval. The raw data on bionomics and life table parameters were analyzed using TWO-SEX- MS chart. Results: The total life cycle of P. xylostella was longer at 31°C and it declined with increasing temperatures. However, P. xylostella did not complete its development at 35 and 36 °C. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) increased from 0.22 at 31°C to 0.28 at elevated temperature of 34°C. Temperature also had a significant effect on the net reproductive rate (R0), Gross Reproductive Rate (GRR) and finite rate of increase (λ). Interpretation: The fitness parameters will help to predict the change that occur in P. xylostella population due to climate change and global warming.

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EVIDENCE FOR SUCCESSFUL OVERWINTERING OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE), IN ALBERTA

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent126183-1 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 183-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Lloyd M. Dosdall

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Brassica Rapa ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Western Canada ◽

Population Densities ◽

Feeding Sites ◽

Three Generations ◽

Significant Yield

Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), commonly occurs at relatively low population densities in areas of canola (oilseed rapes, Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L.) production in western Canada, but occasionally can reach outbreak densities (Madder and Stemeroff 1988). The most severe outbreak of P. xylostella in recent years occurred in Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1985 when approximately 467 860 ha were treated with insecticide, at a cost of approximately $11.9 million (Madder and Stemeroff 1988).Damage to canola is the result of larval feeding. Leaves are the preferred feeding sites, and plants can withstand substantial damage before yield is affected (Philip and Mengersen 1989). However, late in the season when the leaves become senescent, larvae feed on pods and this can result in significant yield reductions. Plutella xylostella is multivoltine, capable of completing at least three generations per year in Alberta (Philip and Mengersen 1989), and four to five in Ontario (Harcourt 1986).

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Chemical structure advantage of cyclaniliprole against the diamides resistant diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

10.1603/ice.2016.112450 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Taku Hamamoto

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Diamondback Moth

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Effects of rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Revista Colombiana de Entomología ◽

10.25100/socolen.v43i2.5943 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Robson Thomaz Thuler ◽

Fernando Henrique Iost Filho ◽

Hamilton César De Oliveira Charlo ◽

Sergio Antônio De Bortoli

Keyword(s):

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Insect Behavior ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Direct Effects ◽

Plant Feeding ◽

Kluyvera Ascorbata ◽

And Behavior

Plant induced resistance is a tool for integrated pest management, aimed at increasing plant defense against stress, which is compatible with other techniques. Rhizobacteria act in the plant through metabolic changes and may have direct effects on plant-feeding insects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cabbage plants inoculated with rhizobacteria on the biology and behavior of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Cabbage seeds inoculated with 12 rhizobacteria strains were sowed in polystyrene trays and later transplanted into the greenhouse. The cabbage plants with sufficient size to support stress were then infested with diamondback moth caterpillars. Later, healthy leaves suffering injuries were collected and taken to the laboratory to feed P. xylostella second instar caterpillars that were evaluated for larval and pupal viability and duration, pupal weight, and sex ratio. The reduction of leaf area was then calculated as a measure of the amount of larval feeding. Non-preference for feeding and oviposition assays were also performed, by comparing the control treatment and plants inoculated with different rhizobacterial strains. Plants inoculated with the strains EN4 of Kluyvera ascorbata and HPF14 of Bacillus thuringiensis negatively affected the biological characteristics of P. xylostella when such traits were evaluated together, without directly affecting the insect behavior.

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