scholarly journals White matter connectivity disruptions in the pre-clinical continuum of psychosis: A connectome study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena K. L. Oestreich ◽  
Roshini Randeniya ◽  
Marta I. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Connectivity Strength ◽  
Clinical Continuum

AbstractBackgroundWidespread white matter disruptions in schizophrenia have been commonly reported, but it remains unanswered whether these abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia specifically or whether they range along a psychotic continuum into the healthy population. Investigating the extent of white matter connectivity disruptions specific to psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals is insofar important as it is a necessary first step towards the development of prodromal psychosis biomarkers.MethodsHigh resolution, multi-shell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired from 89 healthy individuals. Whole-brain white matter fiber tracking was performed to quantify the strength of white matter connections. Network-based statistics were applied to white matter connections in a regression model in order to test for a linear relationship between streamline count and psychotic-like experiences.ResultsA significant subnetwork was identified whereby streamline count declined with increasing quantity of psychotic-like experiences. This network of significant connectivity reductions affected all cortical lobes, subcortical structures and the cerebellum.ConclusionA widespread network of linearly declining connectivity strength with increasing number of psychotic-like experiences was identified in healthy individuals. This finding is in line with white matter connectivity reductions reported from early to chronic stages of schizophrenia. We suggest that these white matter changes might be a potential biomarker for the identification of individuals at high risk for transitioning to psychosis.

scholarly journals QOL-09. WHOLE-BRAIN WHITE MATTER NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IS DISRUPTED BY PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii432-iii432
Author(s):  
Adeoye Oyefiade ◽  
Kiran Beera ◽  
Iska Moxon-Emre ◽  
Jovanka Skocic ◽  
Ute Bartels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Betweeness Centrality

Abstract INTRODUCTION Treatments for pediatric brain tumors (PBT) are neurotoxic and lead to long-term deficits that are driven by the perturbation of underlying white matter (WM). It is unclear if and how treatment may impair WM connectivity across the entire brain. METHODS Magnetic resonance images from 41 PBT survivors (mean age: 13.19 years, 53% M) and 41 typically developing (TD) children (mean age: 13.32 years, 51% M) were analyzed. Image reconstruction, segmentation, and node parcellation were completed in FreeSurfer. DTI maps and probabilistic streamline generation were completed in MRtrix3. Connectivity matrices were based on the number of streamlines connecting two nodes and the mean DTI (FA) index across streamlines. We used graph theoretical analyses to define structural differences between groups, and random forest (RF) analyses to identify hubs that reliably classify PBT and TD children. RESULTS For survivors treated with radiation, betweeness centrality was greater in the left insular (p < 0.000) but smaller in the right pallidum (p < 0.05). For survivors treated without radiation (surgery-only), betweeness centrality was smaller in the right interparietal sulcus (p < 0.05). RF analyses showed that differences in WM connectivity from the right pallidum to other parts of the brain reliably classified PBT survivors from TD children (classification accuracy = 77%). CONCLUSIONS The left insular, right pallidum, and right inter-parietal sulcus are structurally perturbed hubs in PBT survivors. WM connectivity from the right pallidum is vulnerable to the long-term effects of treatment for PBT.

SIFT2: Enabling dense quantitative assessment of brain white matter connectivity using streamlines tractography

NeuroImage ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 338-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Smith ◽  
Jacques-Donald Tournier ◽  
Fernando Calamante ◽  
Alan Connelly
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
White Matter Connectivity

scholarly journals Auditory prediction errors and auditory white matter microstructure as predictors of psychotic experiences in healthy individuals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Randeniya ◽  
L.K.L. Oestreich ◽  
M.I. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Auditory Pathways ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Eeg Recordings

AbstractOur sensory systems actively predict sensory information based on previously learnt patterns. An inability to accurately predict forthcoming information results in prediction errors. Individuals with schizophrenia consistently show reduced auditory prediction errors as well as reduced microstructure in auditory white matter pathways. However, it is not clear if also healthy individuals with psychotic experiences demonstrate such deficits. Participants underwent electroencephalography (EEG) recordings while listening to a simple two-tone duration deviant oddball paradigm (N=103) and a stochastic oddball paradigm (N=89). A subset of participants (N=89) also underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), from which fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of overall white matter microstructure, was obtained for auditory pathways namely the auditory interhemispheric pathway, as well as the left and right arcuate fasciculi. We investigated both structural and functional predictors of positive psychotic experiences in healthy participants as measured by the Community Assessment for Psychic Experiences positive dimension (CAPE+) scores. Prediction errors evoked by the classical oddball paradigm failed to reveal significant effects, whereas the stochastic oddball paradigm revealed significant clusters at typical mismatch negativity periods predictive of CAPE+ scores. Furthermore, we show that white matter microstructure from auditory pathways in addition to mismatches significantly predict CAPE+ scores. We suggest that structural and functional prediction error measures together may have potential in predicting psychotic experiences in the healthy population.

scholarly journals White matter connectivity reductions in the pre-clinical continuum of psychosis: A connectome study

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena K. L. Oestreich ◽  
Roshini Randeniya ◽  
Marta I. Garrido
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Clinical Continuum

scholarly journals Impaired brain white matter and functional networks in healthy individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-608
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong Lin ◽  
De-Guo Jiang ◽  
Lang-Lang Cheng ◽  
Ce Chen ◽  
Chong-Guang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Brain White Matter

White matter connectivity disruptions in early and chronic schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 2797-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Di Biase ◽  
V. L. Cropley ◽  
B. T. Baune ◽  
J. Olver ◽  
G. P. Amminger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Fiber Tracking ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
Brain Fiber Tracking

BackgroundWhite matter disruptions in schizophrenia have been widely reported, but it remains unclear whether these abnormalities differ between illness stages. We mapped the connectome in patients with recently diagnosed and chronic schizophrenia and investigated the extent and overlap of white matter connectivity disruptions between these illness stages.MethodsDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired in recent-onset (n = 19) and chronic patients (n = 45) with schizophrenia, as well as age-matched controls (n = 87). Whole-brain fiber tracking was performed to quantify the strength of white matter connections. Connections were tested for significant streamline count reductions in recent-onset and chronic groups, relative to separate age-matched controls. Permutation tests were used to assess whether disrupted connections significantly overlapped between chronic and recent-onset patients. Linear regression was performed to test whether connectivity was strongest in controls, weakest in chronic patients, and midway between these extremities in recent-onset patients (controls > recent-onset > chronic).ResultsCompared with controls, chronic patients displayed a widespread network of connectivity disruptions (p < 0.01). In contrast, connectivity reductions were circumscribed to the anterior fibers of the corpus callosum in recent-onset patients (p < 0.01). A significant proportion of disrupted connections in recent-onset patients (86%) coincided with disrupted connections in chronic patients (p < 0.01). Linear regression revealed that chronic patients displayed reduced connectivity relative to controls, while recent-onset patients showed an intermediate reduction compared with chronic patients (p < 0.01).ConclusionsConnectome pathology in recent-onset patients with schizophrenia is confined to select tracts within a more extensive network of white matter connectivity disruptions found in chronic illness. These findings may suggest a trajectory of progressive deterioration of connectivity in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Diffusion tensor imaging of brain white matter in Huntington gene mutation individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Arb Saba ◽  
James H. Yared ◽  
Thomas M. Doring ◽  
Med Phys ◽  
Vanderci Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the role of the involvement of white matter tracts in huntingtin gene mutation patients as a potential biomarker of the progression of the disease. Methods We evaluated 34 participants (11 symptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, 12 presymptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, and 11 controls). We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging, with measurement of fractional anisotropy. Results We observed a significant decrease of fractional anisotropy in the cortical spinal tracts, corona radiate, corpus callosum, external capsule, thalamic radiations, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus in the Huntington disease group compared to the control and presymptomatic groups. Reduction of fractional anisotropy is indicative of a degenerative process and axonal loss. There was no statistically significant difference between the presymptomatic and control groups. Conclusion White matter integrity is affected in huntingtin gene mutation symptomatic individuals, but other studies with larger samples are required to assess its usefulness in the progression of the neurodegenerative process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document