scholarly journals Macroscale Cortical Organization and a Default-Like Transmodal Apex Network in the Marmoset Monkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy L. Buckner ◽  
Daniel S. Margulies
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Parietal Association Cortex ◽  
Human Association ◽  
Posterior Midline

Networks of widely distributed regions populate human association cortex. One network, often called the default network, is positioned at the apex of a gradient of sequential networks that radiate outward from primary cortex. Here extensive anatomical data made available through the Marmoset Brain Architecture Project were explored to determine if a homologue exists in marmoset. Results revealed that a gradient of networks extend outward from primary cortex to progressively higher-order transmodal association cortex in both frontal and temporal cortex. The transmodal apex network comprises frontopolar and rostral temporal association cortex, parahippocampal areas TH / TF, the ventral posterior midline, and lateral parietal association cortex. The positioning of this network in the gradient and its composition of areas make it a candidate homologue to the human default network. That the marmoset, a physiologically- and genetically-accessible primate, might possess a default-network-like candidate creates opportunities for study of higher cognitive and social functions.

scholarly journals Parallel distributed networks dissociate episodic and social functions within the individual

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 1144-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. DiNicola ◽  
Rodrigo M. Braga ◽  
Randy L. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distributed Networks ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
The Individual

Association cortex is organized into large-scale distributed networks. One such network, the default network (DN), is linked to diverse forms of internal mentation, opening debate about whether shared or distinct anatomy supports multiple forms of cognition. Using within-individual analysis procedures that preserve idiosyncratic anatomical details, we probed whether multiple tasks from two domains, episodic projection and theory of mind (ToM), rely on the same or distinct networks. In an initial experiment (6 subjects, each scanned 4 times), we found evidence that episodic projection and ToM tasks activate separate regions distributed throughout the cortex, with adjacent regions in parietal, temporal, prefrontal, and midline zones. These distinctions were predicted by the hypothesis that the DN comprises two parallel, interdigitated networks. One network, linked to parahippocampal cortex (PHC), is preferentially recruited during episodic projection, including both remembering and imagining the future. A second juxtaposed network, which includes the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), is differentially engaged during multiple forms of ToM. In two prospectively acquired independent experiments, we replicated and triplicated the dissociation (each with 6 subjects scanned 4 times). Furthermore, the dissociation was found in all zones when analyzed independently, including robustly in midline regions previously described as hubs. The TPJ-linked network is interwoven with the PHC-linked network across the cortex, making clear why it is difficult to fully resolve the two networks in group-averaged or lower-resolution data. These results refine our understanding of the functional-anatomical organization of association cortex and raise fundamental questions about how specialization might arise in parallel, juxtaposed association networks. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two distributed, interdigitated networks exist within the bounds of the canonical default network. Here we used repeated scanning of individuals, across three independent samples, to provide evidence that tasks requiring episodic projection or theory of mind differentially recruit the two networks across multiple cortical zones. The two distributed networks thus appear to preferentially subserve distinct functions.

scholarly journals Discrete ripples reflect a spectrum of synchronous spiking activity in human association cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Phuong S. Tong ◽  
Alex P. Vaz ◽  
John H. Wittig ◽  
Sara K. Inati ◽  
Kareem A. Zaghloul
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Dynamic Coordination ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Human Association ◽  
Local Field Potential Lfp

AbstractDirect brain recordings have provided important insights into how persistent oscillatory activity support human memory retrieval, but the extent to which transient fluctuations in intracranial EEG (iEEG) captures the dynamic coordination of underlying neurons involved in memory processing remains unclear. Here, we simultaneously record iEEG, local field potential (LFP), and single unit activity in the human temporal cortex. We demonstrate that cortical ripples contribute to broadband high frequency activity and exhibit a spectrum of amplitudes and durations related to the amount of underlying neuronal spiking. Ripples in the macro-scale iEEG are related to the number and synchrony of ripples in the micro-scale LFP, which in turn are related to the synchrony of neuronal spiking. Our data suggest that neural activity in the human cortex is organized into dynamic, discrete packets of information.

scholarly journals Parallel Distributed Networks Dissociate Episodic and Social Functions Within the Individual

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. DiNicola ◽  
Rodrigo M. Braga ◽  
Randy L. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Distributed Networks ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
The Individual

Association cortex is organized into large-scale distributed networks. One such network, the default network (DN), is linked to diverse forms of internal mentation, opening debate about whether shared anatomy supports multiple forms of cognition. Alternatively, subtle distinctions in cortical organization could remain to be resolved. Using within-individual analysis procedures that preserve idiosyncratic details of cortical anatomy, we probed whether multiple tasks from two domains - Episodic Projection and Theory of Mind (ToM) - rely upon the same or distinct networks. In an initial experiment (n=6, subjects scanned 4 times each), we found evidence that Episodic Projection and ToM tasks activate distinct functional regions distributed throughout cortex, with adjacent regions in parietal, temporal, prefrontal and midline zones. These distinctions were predicted by the hypothesis that the DN comprises two parallel, interdigitated networks. One network, linked to parahippocampal cortex (PHC), is preferentially recruited during Episodic Projection, including both remembering the past and imagining the future. A second juxtaposed network, which includes the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), is differentially engaged during multiple forms of ToM tasks. The TPJ-linked network is interwoven with the PHC-linked network in multiple zones, including the posterior and anterior midline, making clear why it is difficult to fully resolve the two networks in group-averaged or lower-resolution data. We replicated all aspects of this network dissociation in a second, prospectively acquired dataset (n=6). These results refine our understanding of the functional-anatomical organization of association cortex as well as raise questions about how functional specialization might arise in parallel, juxtaposed association networks.

scholarly journals Cortical Afferents of Area 10 in Cebus Monkeys: Implications for the Evolution of the Frontal Pole

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1473-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello G P Rosa ◽  
Juliana G M Soares ◽  
Tristan A Chaplin ◽  
Piotr Majka ◽  
Sophia Bakola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Cebus Monkey ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Cortical Afferents ◽  
Cebus Monkeys

Abstract Area 10, located in the frontal pole, is a unique specialization of the primate cortex. We studied the cortical connections of area 10 in the New World Cebus monkey, using injections of retrograde tracers in different parts of this area. We found that injections throughout area 10 labeled neurons in a consistent set of areas in the dorsolateral, ventrolateral, orbital, and medial parts of the frontal cortex, superior temporal association cortex, and posterior cingulate/retrosplenial region. However, sites on the midline surface of area 10 received more substantial projections from the temporal lobe, including clear auditory connections, whereas those in more lateral parts received >90% of their afferents from other frontal areas. This difference in anatomical connectivity reflects functional connectivity findings in the human brain. The pattern of connections in Cebus is very similar to that observed in the Old World macaque monkey, despite >40 million years of evolutionary separation, but lacks some of the connections reported in the more closely related but smaller marmoset monkey. These findings suggest that the clearer segregation observed in the human frontal pole reflects regional differences already present in early simian primates, and that overall brain mass influences the pattern of cortico-cortical connectivity.

Parietal association cortex in the primate: sensory mechanisms and behavioral modulations

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
M. E. Goldberg ◽  
G. B. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Association Cortex ◽  
Parietal Association Cortex ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

Neuronal composition and interneuronal connection of area 5 in the cat parietal association cortex

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
L. F. Burchinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Association Cortex ◽  
Interneuronal Connection ◽  
Area 5 ◽  
Parietal Association Cortex

scholarly journals Parallel Distributed Networks Resolved at High Resolution Reveal Close Juxtaposition of Distinct Regions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo M. Braga ◽  
Koene R. A. Van Dijk ◽  
Jonathan R. Polimeni ◽  
Mark C. Eldaief ◽  
Randy L. Buckner
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Distributed Networks ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Examination of large-scale distributed networks within the individual reveals details of cortical network organization that are absent in group-averaged studies. One recent discovery is that a distributed transmodal network, often referred to as the ‘default network’, is comprised of two separate but closely interdigitated networks, only one of which is coupled to posterior parahippocampal cortex. Not all studies of individuals have identified the same networks and questions remain about the degree to which the two networks are separate, particularly within regions hypothesized to be interconnected hubs. Here we replicate the observation of network separation across analytical (seed-based connectivity and parcellation) and data projection (volume and surface) methods in 2 individuals each scanned 31 times. Additionally, 3 individuals were examined with high-resolution fMRI to gain further insight into the anatomical details. The two networks were identified with separate regions localized to adjacent portions of the cortical ribbon, sometimes inside the same sulcus. Midline regions previously implicated as hubs revealed near complete spatial separation of the two networks, displaying a complex spatial topography in the posterior cingulate and precuneus. The network coupled to parahippocampal cortex also revealed a separate region directly within the hippocampus at or near the subiculum. These collective results support that the default network is composed of at least two spatially juxtaposed networks. Fine spatial details and juxta-positions of the two networks can be identified within individuals at high resolution, providing insight into the network organization of association cortex and placing further constraints on interpretation of group-averaged neuroimaging data.

Architectonics of the parietal and temporal association cortex in the strepsirhine primateGalago compared to the anthropoid primateMacaca

1991 ◽  
Vol 310 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Preuss ◽  
Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Association Cortex ◽  
Temporal Association

NEURAL CORRELATES OF SPACE PERCEPTION IN THE PARIETAL ASSOCIATION CORTEX OF THE MONKEY

1981 ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
H. Sakata ◽  
H. Shibutani ◽  
K. Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Space Perception ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Parietal Association Cortex
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