Architectonics of the parietal and temporal association cortex in the strepsirhine primateGalago compared to the anthropoid primateMacaca

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has emerged as a promising new treatment for trauma and other anxiety-based disorders. However, the neurobiological mechanism of EMDR has not been well understood. This study reports changes in the resting regional cerebral blood flow after successful EMDR treatment in two patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Brain 99mTc-ECD-SPECT (Technetium 99m–ethyl cysteinate dimmer–single photon emission computerized tomography) was performed before and after EMDR, and, in addition, a pre- and posttreatment comparison was made with 10 non-PTSD participants as a control group. After EMDR, cerebral perfusion increased in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and decreased in the temporal association cortex. The differences between participants and normal controls also decreased. Changes appeared mainly in the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex. These results are in line with current understanding of neurobiology of PTSD. EMDR treatment appears to reverse the functional imbalance between the limbic area and the prefrontal cortex.

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Sparse Coding in Temporal Association Cortex Improves Complex Sound Discriminability

10.1101/2020.12.09.417303 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

L Feigin ◽

G Tasaka ◽

I Maor ◽

A Mizrahi

Keyword(s):

Auditory Cortex ◽

Population Analysis ◽

Primary Auditory Cortex ◽

Association Cortex ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Neuronal Responses ◽

Complex Sound ◽

Pure Tones ◽

Auditory Cortices ◽

Auditory Field

AbstractThe mouse auditory cortex is comprised of several auditory fields spanning the dorso-ventral axis of the temporal lobe. The ventral most auditory field is the temporal association cortex (TeA), which remains largely unstudied. Using Neuropixels probes, we simultaneously recorded from primary auditory cortex (AUDp), secondary auditory cortex (AUDv) and TeA, characterizing neuronal responses to pure tones and frequency modulated (FM) sweeps in awake head-restrained mice. As compared to primary and secondary auditory cortices, single unit responses to pure tones in TeA were sparser, delayed and prolonged. Responses to FMs were also sparser. Population analysis showed that the sparser responses in TeA render it less sensitive to pure tones, yet more sensitive to FMs. When characterizing responses to pure tones under anesthesia, the distinct signature of TeA was changed considerably as compared to that in awake mice, implying that responses in TeA are strongly modulated by non-feedforward connections. Together with the known connectivity profile of TeA, these findings suggest that sparse representation of sounds in TeA supports selectivity to higher-order features of sounds and more complex auditory computations.

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From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and temporal association cortex: A neurocomputational study of disembodiment

Cortex ◽

10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Friedemann Pulvermüller ◽

Max Garagnani

Keyword(s):

Association Cortex ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Sensorimotor Learning ◽

Memory Cells

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RNA sequencing from neural ensembles activated during fear conditioning in the mouse temporal association cortex

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep31753 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jin-Hyung Cho ◽

Ben S. Huang ◽

Jesse M. Gray

Keyword(s):

Fear Conditioning ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Association Cortex ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Neural Ensembles

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Altered functional connectivity of the insula in a rat model of recurrent headache

Molecular Pain ◽

10.1177/1744806920922115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 174480692092211

Author(s):

Zhihua Jia ◽

Shengyuan Yu ◽

Wenjing Tang ◽

Dengfa Zhao

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Association Cortex ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Trigeminovascular System ◽

Inflammatory Soup

Migraine is a pain disorder accompanied by various symptoms. The insula, a “cortical hub,” is involved in many functions. Few studies have focused on the insula in migraine. We explored the resting-state functional connectivity between the insula and other brain areas in rats subjected to repeated meningeal nociception which was commonly used as animal model of migraine. Inflammatory soup was infused through supradural catheters in conscious rats. The rats were subdivided based on the frequency of the inflammatory soup infusions. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired on rats 21 days after inflammatory soup infusion and functional connectivity seeded on the insula was analyzed. In the low-frequency inflammatory soup group, magnetic resonance imaging was performed again 1 h after the glyceryl trinitrate injection following baseline scanning. The cerebellum showed increased functional connectivity with the insula in the inflammatory soup groups. The insula showed increased functional connectivity with the medulla and thalamus in the ictal period in the low-frequency inflammatory soup rats. In the high-frequency inflammatory soup group, several areas showed increased functional connectivity with the insula, including the pons, midbrain, thalamus, temporal association cortex, and retrosplenial, visual, and sensory cortices. Our findings support the hypothesis that the headache phase of migraine depends on the activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system, and that the chronification of migraine may be related to higher brain centers and limbic cortices. The insula may be a new target for treatment of migraine.

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