scholarly journals Cholinergic interneurons as a novel target of CRF in the striatum that is spared by repeated stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C. Lemos ◽  
Jung Hoon Shin ◽  
Anna E. Ingebretson ◽  
Lauren K. Dobbs ◽  
Veronica A. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Appetitive Behavior ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Repeated Stress ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Novel Target

AbstractAcute stressors can stimulate appetitive and exploratory behaviors, not just produce negative affect that impair performance. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), which is released in the brain in response to stress, acts on different targets and circuits to mediate both the negative and positive effects of stress. In the nucleus accumbens, CRF facilitates appetitive behavior through mechanisms not fully understood. Here we report that cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are a novel target for CRF actions in the striatum. CRF enhances the spontaneous firing via activation of CRF-type 1 receptors expressed on CINs. This causes the activation muscarinic acetylcholine receptors type 5, which mediate CRF potentiation of dopamine transmission in the striatum. Repeated stress selectively dampens some CRF functions but spare effect on CINs and changes CRF-R1 expression in a cell-specific manner. These data highlight the existence of diverse CRF targets within the striatum, which vary in their resilience to stress.

scholarly journals Spinal cholinergic interneurons differentially control motoneuron excitability and alter the locomotor network operational range

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bertuzzi ◽  
Konstantinos Ampatzis
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Functional Flexibility ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Intrinsic Plasticity ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
Operational Range

SummaryWhile cholinergic neuromodulation is important for locomotor circuit operation, the specific neuronal mechanisms that acetylcholine employs to regulate and fine-tune the speed of locomotion are largely unknown. Here, we show that cholinergic interneurons are present in the zebrafish spinal cord and differentially control the excitability of distinct classes of motoneurons (slow, intermediate and fast) in a muscarinic dependent manner. Moreover, we reveal that m2-type muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are present in fast and intermediate motoneurons, but not in the slow motoneurons, and that their activation decreases neuronal firing. We also provide evidence that this configuration of motoneuron muscarinic receptors serves as the main intrinsic plasticity mechanism to alter the operational range of motoneuron modules. These unexpected findings provide new insights into the functional flexibility of motoneurons and how they execute locomotion at different speeds.

scholarly journals Cholinergic Interneurons as a Novel Target of CRF in the Striatum that is Spared by Repeated Stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C. Lemos ◽  
Jung Hoon Shin ◽  
Anna E. Ingebretson ◽  
Lauren K. Dobbs ◽  
Veronica Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Repeated Stress ◽  
Novel Target

Endocannabinoid-Mediated Depolarization-Induced Suppression of Inhibition in Hilar Mossy Cells of the Rat Dentate Gyrus

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 2501-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie E. Hofmann ◽  
Ben Nahir ◽  
Charles J. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Cb1 Receptors ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Mossy Cells ◽  
Mossy Cell ◽  
Postsynaptic Calcium

Hilar mossy cells represent a unique population of local circuit neurons in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Here we use electrophysiological techniques in acute preparations of hippocampal slices to demonstrate that depolarization of a single hilar mossy cell can produce robust inhibition of local GABAergic afferents. This depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) can be observed as a transient reduction in frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) or as a transient reduction in amplitude of evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs). We find that DSI of eIPSCs as observed in hilar mossy cells is enhanced by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, blocked by chelation of postsynaptic calcium, and critically dependent on retrograde activation of presynaptic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors. We further report that activation of CB1 receptors on GABAergic afferents to hilar mossy cells (by either endogenous or exogenous agonists) preferentially inhibits calcium-dependent exocytosis and that endocannabinoid-dependent retrograde signaling in this system is subject to tight spatial constraints.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document